PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND RESULTS OF SEM ANALYSIS OF SOILS IN THE REGIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

Аннотация

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the morphology and elemental composition of two soil samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Spectra and element distribution maps were obtained, revealing significant differences in the contents of carbon, oxygen, silicon, calcium, and other elements. Sample 1 is characterized by a higher content of silicon and aluminum, which may indicate the predominance of silicate minerals. Sample 2, on the other hand, contains increased levels of carbon and calcium, which could be associated with organic compounds and carbonates. The obtained data are important for assessing soil fertility, chemical reactivity, and for further research aimed at improving soil structure and properties using various additives. In addition, the sorption properties of the soil samples were studied. Benzene vapor adsorption was measured using the desiccator method and calculated using the classical BET model. It was found that the total pore volume of samples 1 and 2 is 0.176 and 0.164 cm³/g, respectively. The results may be useful in agrochemistry, soil science, and environmental monitoring.