ZEOLITE‑BASED BIMETALLIC COMPOSITE CATALYSTS FOR PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION: CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEEP BIOFUEL UPGRADING AND CONVERSION INTENSIFICATION

Abstract

The use of biofuels in electricity and heat supply helps conserve fossil fuel resources and offers a pathway to mitigate environmental problems. In this context, processing agricultural residues and employing them as biofuels can provide an effective answer to energy challenges not only in Uzbekistan but also in many other countries. From this standpoint, our research prioritizes the purification of biofuels using zeolites, the separation of high‑purity xylenes and other aromatic compounds, and the acceleration of reaction processes by preparing zeolite‑based bimetallic composite catalysts that further improve fuel quality. Zeolites are a class of crystalline materials with molecularly ordered microporous structures. In recent years, their use in converting biomass and wastes into fuels has advanced considerably. Zeolite catalysts play a key role in enabling the efficient conversion of energy carriers into chemicals and fuels; however, their specific functions in biomass utilization remain insufficiently defined. In this article, we present an in‑depth analysis of biomass pyrolysis and upgrading using zeolites, the selection of appropriate zeolite types, and the adsorption properties of ortho‑, meta‑, and para‑xylene on BaY zeolite. The results are compared on the basis of adsorption isotherms, differential heats, and entropy metrics.