Scientific and Technical Journal of Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology

BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOURCE-EFFECTIVE SHAFT PRODUCTION

Avazbek Obidov, Axror Abdurasulov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Increasing energy efficiency in the cotton industry is one of the pressing issues. This article presents the results of research aimed at reducing energy consumption during the operation of a cotton 5LP linter machine. The issues of creating and refining methods for calculating high-performance machine drives and shafts are of particular importance in creating machines for the cotton ginning industry. The article shows that the task of reducing the mass of the main working body of the linter, the sawn cylinder shaft, was performed by grooving and slotting, and the design features of the resource-saving shaft are determined.

TECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF AN OIL SLUDGE PROCESSING UNIT

Azimjon Nuritdinov, Olim Abdullaev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article presents information on units designed for processing oil sludge generated during oil and gas processing operations, characterized by a high content of water and mineral impurities. The operating temperature regimes, structural parameters and energy efficiency of the unit are analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the implementation of an economizer and a preheating system reduces fuel consumption by 15–20% while increasing the yield of light fractions by 10–12%. As a result of the processing, technological fuels and bitumen are obtained, confirming their potential application in the construction and fuel industries.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF VINYL ESTERS OF WINE ACIDS

Abdugani Okhundadaev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Fruit acids and their vinyl derivatives are widely used as biologically active substances in agriculture, medicine and industry. Adding a vinyl group to the acid molecule to increase its reactive active centers, thereby further increasing its biological activity, is one of the urgent tasks. Potassium-sodium salt of tartaric acid NaKC₄H₄O₆·4H₂O is used in chemical analysis and radio technology under the name of segnet salt. In this paper, complicated vinyl esters of dibasic carboxylic acids, including wine acid, are synthesized in a homogeneous solution of the solvent dimethylformamide in the presence of zinc acetate and AlCl₃-6H₂O catalysts, along with a description of the spectra of the end products.

EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY AND STEAM ACTIVATED PLUM SEED ADSORBENTS

Zulfiya Usmonova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The article describes the results of the activation of plum pit waste using temperature and water vapor, as well as the analysis of the composition of wastewater based on a selected sample. These adsorbents are intended for the treatment of wastewater from industrial enterprises. The research methods were carried out based on samples presented in the literature and GOST standard indicators. According to the results, the carbon sample pyrolyzed at 500 ⁰C and steam activated at 800 ⁰C demonstrated high adsorption properties and efficiency.In conclusion, it can be said that the release of O₂ and Si elements from the grain composition after thermal pyrolysis and steam treatment leads to an increase in the C number of the obtained activated carbon and an increase in its adsorption properties.

TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME FOR EXTRACTING NAPHTHALENE FROM PYROLYSIS OIL BY THE EXTRACTION (PHASE SEPARATION) METHOD

Muxarram Kaxarova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The aim is to determine the optimal method for extracting naphthalene compounds from pyrolysis oil, to investigate the synthesis processes of naphthaleneacetic acid based on naphthalene, to identify the factors that increase product yield, and to develop an improved technology for the production of naphthaleneacetic acid.

SYNTHESIS OF SULFUR CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY REACTION OF THIOL-EN AND THIOL-IN

Akmaljon Arslanov, Rasuljon Erkinov, Makhammadzhon Soliyev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The mechanism of radical reaction and addition processes were analyzed, and their significance in polymer, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and other fields was presented. The research investigated the conditions and mechanism for obtaining sulfur-containing organic compounds, such as thioethers and sulfides, formed as a result of reactions of alkenes and alkynes with substances with thiol groups. At the same time, this serves as an important scientific-theoretical and practical basis for the further development of the synthesis of sulfur-containing organic compounds and the development of environmentally friendly and effective technologies.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOSUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS CONTAINING HUMIC COMPOUNDS

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The purpose of the research is to develop effective technologies for the production of complex mineral fertilizers enriched with calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, and humic compounds. To conduct the experiments, ground phosphate raw materials, gypsum (CaSO₄•2H₂O), sulfur, urea, and leonardite (total humus content 52.3-64.5%; organic matter 66.7-71.1%; moisture content 26.53-33.07%) were used as starting materials. The research was conducted in a glass reactor equipped with a vane stirrer and placed in a thermostated container. In a thermostated beaker, ground phosphate raw materials, gypsum (CaSO₄•2H₂O), sulfur, urea, and leonardite (total humus content 52.3-64.5%) were placed and mixed with water, then the resulting suspension was intensively stirred for 10 minutes at 70-80°C. The pulp was dried to constant weight at 100-105oC. In this case, a product is obtained (in mass. P₂O₅ total. = 17.9; P₂O₅sol. = 6.37; P₂O₅p.s. = 6.01; Nover. = 1; CaO total = 34.0; CaO p = 10.0; MgO = 1.4; SO3total. = 11.35; SO3p.p. = 2.0; Total organic matter = 8.0; PH=7.28 and others.

THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CARBOXYL-MODIFIED COBALT AND CALCIUM METAL PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENTS

Abdullazizbek Nuritdinov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

In this study, the thermal behavior of the carboxyl-functionalized phthalocyanine pigment containing cobalt/calcium metal centers was investigated using TG/DTA techniques in the temperature range of 25–700 °C. The thermogravimetric (TG) curve revealed a two-stage decomposition pattern. The first mass-loss event, occurring between 18.47 and 326.94 °C, accounted for 1.828 mg (52.909%) and corresponds to the removal of physically adsorbed moisture, residual solvents, and the initial decarboxylation of the modified phthalocyanine framework. The second stage, observed within 326.94–701.09 °C, resulted in an additional mass loss of 0.929 mg (26.889%) and is attributed to the progressive breakdown of the macrocyclic aromatic structure.

The DTA thermogram exhibited a pronounced endothermic peak at 217.25 °C, associated with carboxyl group detachment and structural rearrangements, followed by a strong exothermic peak at 613.58 °C, indicating deep oxidative degradation of the phthalocyanine macrocycle. These results collectively confirm that the pigment undergoes primary decomposition related to its carboxyl functionalities, followed by extensive aromatic degradation at higher temperatures.

Overall, the obtained TG/DTA profiles demonstrate that the modified metal phthalocyanine pigment possesses high thermal stability, maintaining significant structural integrity even above 600 °C, which is a favorable characteristic for applications requiring enhanced heat resistance.

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CARBOXYL-MODIFIED COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT

Abdullazizbek Nuritdinov, Muzafar Yusupov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article presents the elemental analysis results of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc–COOH) pigment modified with carboxyl functional groups. Using CHNS-O analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the percentages of C, H, N, O, and Cu elements in the pigment were determined. The results indicate that the carboxyl groups were successfully introduced into the pigment structure, leading to increased molecular polarity while maintaining the stability of the metal–ligand complex. The elemental analysis also made it possible to evaluate how the introduced functional groups influence the pigment’s physicochemical properties and its chemical integration capability with polymer binders.

DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF AN ANTI-CAKING ADDITIVE TO IMPROVE THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE

Burkhon Isakov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article presents the results of developing and studying a domestic anti-caking additive “Anti-Stick” designed to improve the physico-mechanical properties of ammonium nitrate, reducing its caking, dust formation, and agglomeration during storage. A comparative performance analysis of the developed composition and the imported reagent “Novoflow 3047”, traditionally used in chemical industries, was conducted. The developed additive consists of industrial oil, technical paraffin, technical stearic acid T3, and a surface-active agent in optimized proportions. Experimental results confirmed that the use of “Anti-Stick” reduces caking by 75–85%, decreases dust formation by 1.8–2 times, improves flowability, and enhances the stability of granules during storage.

CALCULATION OF OIL CHANGE INTERVALS IN DIESEL-BASED GAS ENGINES

Sobir Utaev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Ensuring the reliability of internal combustion engines during operation requires a comprehensive approach, addressed in various areas. Addressing these issues is a pressing, complex task. The main factors include operating conditions, the type of fuel used, monitoring engine oil performance, and developing validated service life estimates. In maintaining the performance properties of engine oils, monitoring the key characteristics of the oil and justifying replacement intervals is essential.

OXIDATION OF VARIOUS CELLULOSE CONTAINING MATERIALS USING THE HNO₃/H₃PO₄–NaNO₂ SYSTEM

Jakhongir Khabibullaev, Shavkat Shomurotov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The oxidation of cellulose-containing materials is an important approach for producing functional derivatives with biomedical applications. In this study, the oxidation behavior of cotton cellulose, medical gauze, and viscose fabric was systematically investigated using an HNO₃/H₃PO₄–NaNO₂ oxidizing system. The effects of oxidizing mixture composition, sodium nitrite concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction duration on the degree of oxidation (DO), oxidation rate, and product yield were evaluated. The results demonstrated that increasing the content of orthophosphoric acid significantly enhanced the DO of the obtained products due to improved fiber swelling and increased accessibility of reactive hydroxyl groups. An optimal NaNO₂ concentration of 1.4% was identified, providing maximum oxidation efficiency through increased formation of nitrogen dioxide in the reaction medium. The oxidation rate was highest during the initial stages of the reaction (1–6 h) and gradually decreased with time as the concentration of oxidizing species diminished. Elevated temperatures and prolonged reaction times led to higher DO values but caused a reduction in product yield due to polymer chain degradation. Comparative analysis revealed that viscose fabric exhibited the highest reactivity, while cotton cellulose showed the lowest oxidation rate under identical conditions, which was attributed to differences in crystalline structure and amorphous content. Overall, the HNO₃/H₃PO₄–NaNO₂ system proved to be an efficient and selective method for obtaining monocarboxylated cellulose with high degrees of oxidation, provided that the reaction parameters are carefully optimized.

DIFFERENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL YARNS IN THE COMPOSITION OF A WRAPPED YAR ON THE QUALITY OF THE YAR AND DETERMINATION OF ACCEPTABLE VALUES OF THE MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR PRODUCTION

Dinmuhammad Atambayev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

In this paper, the influence of the difference in the length of individual threads on the quality of the thread during the winding process was determined. These values were plotted on a graph and analyzed for the influence of the machine on the stiffness of the yarn. The boundary parameters of the main factors affecting the operation of the improved working part of the yarn-winding machine were determined, and their optimal values were determined using the mathematical planning method. Graphs were constructed and analyzed on the effect of these values on the yarn tightness during machine operation.

DERIVATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR SPINDLE OSCILLATION IN A SYSTEM OF RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

Anvarjon Isomiddinov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article develops mathematical models for the deformation of structural elements such as rods under spatially dynamic loading. The resulting vibration equations are described by systems of second-order partial differential equations with natural boundary and initial conditions.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR A SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON SOIL MOISTURE AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Durbek Rokhmonov, Jasurbek Sulaymonov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article proposes an intelligent control algorithm based on soil moisture and weather (meteorological) data to develop an effective irrigation regime for agricultural lands. The system collects and analyzes data in real time through IoT devices, and irrigation is carried out automatically or semi-automatically. The proposed approach serves to increase water use efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and improve crop yield.

MODELING OF A VIBRATORY CLEANING DEVICE WITH COSINOSOIDAL AND SINUSOIDAL SHAPES IN MATCHING THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE CUTTING SURFACE

A’zam Mamaxonov, Ismoilkhon Khikmatillaev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article analyzes scientific research conducted on vibratory cleaning devices. Based on the analysis, a new vibratory cleaning machine with longitudinal and transverse cross-sections of cosinusoidal and sinusoidal shape, respectively, is proposed. The motion law of cottonseeds on the screen surface was determined. Graphs were obtained showing the relationship between the longitudinal vibration amplitude and period of the screen surface and the cleaning efficiency.

THEORETICAL STUDY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF YARNS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CIRCULAR KNIT FABRICS

Azizbek Soliyev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The article analyzes the properties of yarns used in circular knit fabrics, which are currently in high demand, as well as the research conducted by scientists in this field. Based on these analyses, conclusions were drawn regarding the investigation of the deformational properties of yarns for the production of circular knit fabrics and the mathematical modeling of yarn as a solid body.

WITH IMPROVED BLADE MIXER RESULTS OF RESEARCH WORK ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 5LP LINTER

Mirjalal Nomanov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Prpeller ends seed roller rotation towards 60 degrees bent and bent 16 mm long mixer, Namangan region Related to "Namangan Pakhta TEKS" LLC Kosonsoy cotton cleaning to the 5LP linter in the enterprise installed and linter improved. Improved in order to study the effectiveness of the linter, a comparison-research work was carried out with a 5LP linter with an existing mixer in the Andijon-36 selected cotton grade I and III technical seed at a distance of 9-12 mm with the mixer blades selected on the basis of theoretical and practical research. In the comparative work, the fluffiness of the seed after the linter was 6.85-8.24% on average, and the damage was on average 5.42-4.25%. showed an average of 0.34 (abs)% to 0.27 (abs)% less than seed hairiness and an average of 0.36 (abs)% to 0.4 (abs)% less than damaged seed. The mass fraction of impurities and whole seeds in the lint produced changed from an average of 5.96 % to 5.38 %, compared to the mass fraction of impurities and whole seeds in the fluff produced from the existing 5LP linters from 0.51 (abs)% to 0.77 (abs ) decreased by %. The staple length of the fluff is 6/7 mm, and due to the improvement of its quality, according to the state standard UzDst 645:2016, it corresponded to the I type B type "Middle" class. In this case, the productivity of the linter changed from 693 kg/h to 745 kg/h for seed, and from 27.9 kg /h to 24.8 kg /h for fluff, compared to the productivity of the existing 5LP linter taken for the experiment by 70 kg /h . It was found to be higher than 2.5 kg /h to 3.1 kg/h for fluff at 34 kg /h .

THE INFLUENCE OF CARDING PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION ON THE USEFUL TIME COEFFICIENT OF A ROTOR SPINNING MACHINE

Pavel Lastochkin — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The article presents the results of a study aimed at optimizing the technological parameters of the spinning process using methods of mathematical experiment design and modeling. The main focus is on the influence of the speed regimes of the WEBFEED and IDF-2 systems of modern carding machines on the quality indicators of the carded sliver and yarn, particularly on the linear density irregularity. Experiments conducted under real production conditions made it possible to reduce the number of yarn breaks from 42 to 28 per 1000 spinning positions, increase the winding coefficient from 0.992 to 0.995, and increase the operational time coefficient from 0.979 to 0.988. As a result of implementing the optimized parameters, yarn quality significantly improved: irregularity decreased, breaking strength increased, and the number of defects was minimized.

Based on the developed methodology, key operational indicators for the AUTOCORO 9 rotor spinning machine were calculated. It was established that the machine’s Useful Time Coefficient (UTC) increased from 0.95 to 0.97, and the Production Rate (PR) increased from 128.25 kg/h to 130.95 kg/h. The annual increase in yarn production volume per machine amounted to 22.68 tons. The obtained results confirm the high efficiency of applying mathematical modeling for improving both the technological and economic indicators of spinning production.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE GINNING PROCESS TO ENHANCE FIBER QUALITY

Azizbek Mirzaakbarov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

It has been proven that the increase in the productivity of the gin machine necessarily occurs with an increase in the density of the raw material. However, with an increase in density, the productivity increases up to a certain limit, and then the productivity begins to decrease. In this article, the authors analyze the scientific work carried out to improve the quality of the fiber.

INCREASING STUDENTS' ACTIVITY AND KNOWLEDGE LEVEL USING TEST ASSIGNMENTS

Zokirjon Makhmudov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article examines the possibilities of improving the knowledge level of students in higher education institutions using test tasks.

THE ROLE OF CONTEMPORARY HR TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

Rasuljon Mirzabdullayev, Bakhtiyor Sarimsakov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article analyzes the impact of implementing modern HR technologies on the efficiency of enterprises. As digital transformation accelerates, tools such as automation, artificial intelligence, HR analytics, and cloud-based HR platforms are becoming key drivers of effective human resource management. The study evaluates how the adoption of these technologies influences workforce productivity, improves decision-making, optimizes recruitment and training processes, and strengthens employee engagement. The findings reveal that the integration of advanced HR technologies significantly enhances operational efficiency and contributes to the overall competitiveness of enterprises.

TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING KNITTED FABRICS FROM VARIOUS RAW MATERIALS

Sadoqat Rahmatova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The textile and clothing and knitwear industry occupies a leading place in the world. The production of textile and garment and knitwear products is increasing day by day, the reason for this is the increase in the level of consumption on a global scale.

666.3:538.94:523.3-7 RESISTANCE AND VOLTAGE ANOMALIES ABOVE 200K BSCCO SYNTHESIZED BY SOLAR TECHNOLOGY.

Sirojiddin Bobokulov, Elyor Eshonkulov, Dilbara Gulamova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The purpose of the research is to obtain room temperature superconducting phases in ceramics based on bismuth cuprates using solar technology. The synthesis of BSCCO was carried out using the “Solar Fast Alloys Quenchig” technology at the Big Solar Furnace (Parkent). Based on the results of microstructural and X-ray methods, the glass-crystalline composition of the precursors and the homo-phase composition of the nanolayered ceramics were determined. Resistance anomalies in the temperature range of 280-320 K have been established, interpreted in the assumption of room temperature superconducting phases. The Meissner effect in BSCCO precursors and ceramics under daylight and under the influence of light at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure has been established. Resistance anomalies, the Meisner effect in the assumption of room temperature phases, are explained by the influence of the solar spectrum and technological conditions on the electronic structure of atoms. Different oxygen stoichiometry of homologous phases determines different potentials of adjacent layers, resulting in charge transport and increased charge density at intergranular boundaries.

IMPROVING THE SEPARATOR DESIGN TO PREVENT COTTON FIBER LOSS

Makhliyo Salokhiddinova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This scientific study addresses the problem of fiber loss in the cotton ginning industry, examining the scientific and practical basis for the structural improvement of the working chamber of the cotton air separator. The key innovation is the introduction of specialized trapezoidal guide vanes into the separator's inlet, which serve to minimize the mechanical contact between the cotton flow and the grid surfaces. The results of theoretical modeling and experimental analysis under industrial conditions confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed design. The implementation of the guide vanes significantly reduced the fiber loss coefficient: for I-II grades, from 0.70 kg/h to 0.28 kg/h (60 % reduction), and for lower-grade cotton (III-V), from 3.78 kg/h to 2.42 g/h. Comparative calculations indicated that the enterprise saves a total of 4,495.5 kg of cotton fiber over one year of operation. The monetary equivalent of this saved raw material is over 73 million Sum, ensuring a rapid payback for the equipment modernization costs.

METHODS АND RESULTS FOR DETERMINING THE PАRАMETERS АND OPERАTING MODES OF IRRАDIАTING WАTERMELON SEEDS WITH ULTRАVIOLET RАYS

Sirojiddin Abdullajonov, Inomjon Usmonov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This reseаrch pаper presents аn experimentаl study on the pre-sowing treаtment of wаtermelon seeds ("Dilnoz" vаriety) using ultrаviolet (UV) rаdiаtion to enhаnce germinаtion rаtes. The experiments were conducted using а custom lаborаtory setup with bаctericidаl lаmps emitting аt wаvelengths of 253.7 nm аnd 300 nm, with а totаl power of 150 W. The study systemаticаlly vаried key pаrаmeters, including the height from the irrаdiаtor to the seeds (3, 6, 9, 12 cm), exposure time (1, 3, 5, 7 minutes), аnd the combinаtion rаtio of the two UV wаvelengths. The results demonstrаted thаt the specific combinаtion of two 253.7 nm lаmps аnd three 300 nm lаmps, with аn irrаdiаtion distаnce of 9 cm аnd аn exposure time of 5 minutes, yielded the optimаl germinаtion rаte of 98.3%. This wаs significаntly higher thаn the control sаmple (74.1%) аnd аll other tested pаrаmeter combinаtions. The study concludes thаt this optimized UV treаtment regimen is а highly effective аnd rаtionаl method for stimulаting wаtermelon seed germinаtion, offering а promising technique for аgriculturаl enhаncement.

A DETERMINATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR DRYING COTTON RAW MATERIALS

Akranjon Dedaxanov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

In cotton gins, drying cotton before cleaning it is of great importance. Since cotton drying is associated with thermal energy, determining the fuel used to dry cotton raw materials is the basis of economic efficiency.

X ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE DEPRECIATION RATE OF TRANSFORMER OIL BASED ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS

Dilmurod Usmonov, Odiljon Kutbidinov, Dilafruz Abdullabekov, Mirzohid Xushbaqov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article covers methods for determining experimental coefficients in a reliability model based on the physicochemical parameters of transformer oil. In the developed mathematical model, the influence of such factors as humidity, oxygen content, acid number, dielectric breakdown voltage, and oxidation products on the aging rate is assessed on a statistical basis. Modeling is carried out using the OLS (Least Squares Method). This approach is important in assessing the technical condition of the transformer.

UDC 378.147:004.896:62 ENHANCING THE METHODOLOGY FOR APPLYING INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE TEACHING OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES

Axrorjon Abdumanonov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article analyzes the scientific and theoretical foundations, methodological approaches and socio-pedagogical necessity of using intelligent management systems (IMS) in teaching technical subjects. The integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning and digital analytics technologies into the educational process is shown as an important factor in increasing the effectiveness of teaching, creating individual educational trajectories and developing students' professional competence. The article discusses the state of implementation of IMS in the higher education system of Uzbekistan, existing problems and promising solutions.

664.015.3 STUDY OF PROTEIN–LIPID COMPOSITION IN FOOD PRODUCTS

DIlshoda Mahmudova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the protein–lipid composition of selected food products and evaluates their nutritional, physiological, and technological importance in food science. It analyses proteins and lipids as key macronutrients that determine the structural, metabolic, and sensory characteristics of foods. Their proper balance not only ensures high nutritional quality but also improves functional behavior, shelf life, and consumer acceptance. The research investigates a wide range of foods, including meat, milk, eggs, legumes, nuts, and seeds, comparing their protein–lipid ratios, energy values, and health impacts. International literature highlights that protein–lipid complexes significantly influence digestion, metabolic activity, and disease prevention. Countries such as Japan, Korea, and the United States have successfully used protein–lipid matrices in functional foods through fermentation, emulsification, and encapsulation technologies. Results show significant variations in protein–lipid composition across food groups, confirming their diverse nutritional and technological roles. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for the development of functional foods, optimization of dietary patterns, and application of innovative food technologies in Uzbekistan’s food industry.

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM IN THE AERODYNAMIC SYSTEM OF COTTONSEED LINTERING EQUIPMENT IN COTTON PROCESSING PLANTS

Farxodbek Mamadaliev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The article describes the results of an analytical and experimental study of the existing disadvantages and problems of the aerodynamic systems of removing and transporting fluff from the Sawtooth in 5LP linters, which are practically diluted in cotton cleaning enterprises in the system of cotton textile clusters.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF A STRAIGHT-FLOW FIBER SEPARATION DEVICE

Abduvali Majidov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The article discusses theoretical studies including the investigation of the fiber separation process from the seed during ginning depending on the density of the seed and fiber and the change in the inclination angle of the ginning rollers over a unit of time, the development of a mathematical model of the straight-flow fiber separation process, and the statistical analysis of the technological process in a straight-flow fiber separation device.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO CONSIDERING PROPERTIES IN THE DESIGN OF GARMENTS MADE FROM KNITTED FABRICS

Sadoqat Rahmatova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

In the design of knitted garments, twisting (torsion)—a tendency of the fabric edges to curl or distort—is considered one of the most important physical-mechanical properties. This phenomenon arises from the structural characteristics of knitted fabrics, yarn interlooping, yarn tension, and elasticity, and is particularly visible in thin, highly elastic, direction-sensitive knits. Excessive twisting results in deformation of garment shape and negatively affects fitting and appearance. This article analyzes scientifically-based approaches to reducing the twisting property during the engineering and design of knitted products.

The Optimizing Cotton Fiber Quality During the Production Process

Shukhratjon Usmonov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Cotton fiber quality is a key determinant of textile performance, influencing yarn strength, softness, and fabric durability. This study examines the major factors affecting cotton fiber quality throughout the production chain—from genetic characteristics and environmental influences to agricultural practices and post-harvest handling. Field and laboratory evaluations were conducted to assess how varietal selection, soil fertility, and climate conditions contribute to fiber length, strength, and fineness. The study also analyzed modern technologies such as precision agriculture, biotechnology, and sensor-based monitoring systems that enhance cotton production efficiency and quality.

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE TRIBOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS INTERACTING WITH RAW COTTON

Gulomjon Turaboyev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This paper presents a methodology for determining the tribotechnical properties of structural materials interacting with raw cotton under frictional conditions. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the frictional characteristics of materials used for the working elements of cotton-processing machinery in order to reduce mechanical damage to cotton fibers. The experiments were carried out using a disk-type tribometer under a nominal pressure of 0.04 MPa, a sliding speed of 6 m/s, and a test duration of 1 hour. Steel, aluminum, and polymer-coated samples based on ED-16 were subjected to comparative testing. The results showed that polymer coatings cause 1.5–2 times less damage to raw cotton compared to steel and aluminum surfaces. This effect is explained by the lower hardness and higher elasticity of polymer materials. The obtained results confirm that the tribotechnical properties of structural materials play a significant role in preserving the quality of raw cotton and can be effectively applied in the development of working elements for cotton-cleaning, cotton-harvesting, and textile machinery.

TWO-STAGE INSTALLATION FOR DEEP AIR PURIFICATION FROM FINE-DISPERSED SOLID PARTICLES

Abdugafor Khurmamatov, Khusniddin Alimardonov, Kumush Akhmedova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This work presents the results of an experimental study on a two-stage installation designed for deep purification of dust-laden air containing fibrous and fine-dispersed mineral particles. The experimental system consists of a cyclone equipped with a string-type coagulator and a scrubber with a moving (floating) packing. The effects of dust–air flow velocity, structural parameters, and operating conditions on air purification efficiency and hydraulic resistance were investigated. The results showed that as the inlet flow velocity increases from 12 to 17 m/s, the purification efficiency rises up to 99.9%, while further increasing the velocity to 20 m/s causes a decrease in efficiency due to the breakdown of coagulated dust aggregates. The optimal air velocity for the two-stage system was found to be 17 m/s, corresponding to a total hydraulic resistance of 820 Pa. Fractional efficiency analysis revealed that particles larger than 60 µm were removed with almost complete efficiency (99.98%), whereas for particles smaller than 5 µm, efficiency reached 86.6%. These findings confirm that the developed two-stage system ensures high purification efficiency while maintaining acceptable energy consumption and compliance with sanitary standards.

RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT FROM MECHANICAL IMPURITIES

Abdugaffor Khurmamatov, Sarvar Boyturayev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The paper presents the results of separation of mechanical impurities of technical waters. With the help of the proposed effective technology and with the use of an improved filter, it is possible to purify technical water up to 0.03%. As a result of improvement of the device for purification of technical water from mechanical impurities the following positive results are obtained: a new effective technology of purification of technical water from mechanical impurities is developed; due to improvement of the device for separation of mechanical impurities from the composition of technical water the productivity of the device is increased from 35 m³/s to 45 m³/s.

CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTS WITH NEWLY DESIGNED SAW GIN RIBS IN THE COTTON CLEANING PROCESS FOR DIFFERENT COTTON VARIETIES

Saidmukhtar Kozokov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of using newly designed convex-surfaced saw ribs in a cotton cleaning machine for removing large impurities, comparing their cleaning efficiency with that of standard ribs across different cotton varieties. The experiments also aimed to assess how much cotton fragments are lost to the impurity bunker when using convex-surfaced ribs compared to conventional ones. The results showed that the cleaning efficiency of convex-surfaced ribs is significantly higher.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE USE OF VIBRATING CONVEYORS FOR DRYING ROSA CANINAS

Dilnoza Mamatusmonova, Sherzod Mamatov — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

The article examines the advantages of drying Rosa canina fruits using a drying technology with 3-stage vibrating conveyors. According to the research results, the use of 3-stage vibrating conveyors in the convective method reduces drying time, energy consumption, and vitamin C loss by up to 17%. Also, the organoleptic indicators of the product and the overall quality level have improved.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A FUNCTIONAL SAUCE FOR FISH CANNED PRODUCTS

Samara Toshboyeva, Muzaffar Dadamirzayev — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article presents an analysis of the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of sauce–paste semi-finished products developed for fish canned products. The study focuses on current and highly relevant issues related to meeting the growing consumer demand for meat products, which are among the most widely consumed natural food products today. Particular emphasis is placed on expanding the assortment of natural and affordable products, as well as on the development of new and high-quality product types. In this context, the results of research aimed at improving the quality and functional characteristics of sauces intended for fish canning are highlighted.

STUDY OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN JUJUBE (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MILL.) GROWN IN UZBEKISTAN

Mashhura Zokirova, Nargiza Gulomkhojaeva — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This research provides information about the locally cultivated Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Chinese jujube). In particular, the study presents its botanical description, chemical composition, biological characteristics, and an analysis of studies conducted by foreign scientists.
In laboratory conditions, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of this fruit were obtained. After filtration, alcoholic extraction was carried out in the next stage. The contents of flavonoids and gallic acids in the extracts and concentrates were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained results are presented in tables.

INVESTIGATION OF THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION IN BLACK AND WHITE MULBERRY (MORUS NIGRA L. AND MORUS MULTICAULIS PERR.) VARIETIES

Mashhura Zokirova, Nargiza Gulomkhojaeva — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article presents a scientific analysis of the chemical composition and biological significance of mulberry fruits. It specifically focuses on the amino acid and flavonoid content of Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) and Morus multicaulis Perr. (black pearl mulberry) varieties grown in Uzbekistan. The compounds were identified using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The obtained results are presented and analyzed in tables.

NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR GROWING MICROORGANISMS OF THE BACILLUS SP, RHIZOBIUM SP, AZOTOBACTER SP.

Zuhriddin Vokkosov, Kadirov Abdulxoshim — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

This article studies a new technology for growing and multiplying Bacillus sp., Rhizobium sp., and Azotobacter sp. microorganisms on the surface of a nutrient medium. In the research process, peanut oil and grape pomace were used as natural substrates. The pH of the nutrient medium was maintained at 5.7-6.2, and the temperature was maintained at 35-37°C. Micro- and macroelements were added in a balanced manner. As a result of the experiment, a 2-8-fold increase in the growth of microorganisms was observed. This new technology allows for the efficient use of natural resources and can be used in the production of biofertilizers.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING SOY MILK FROM LOCAL SOY RAW MATERIALS, STUDYING ITS COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Gulmira Rakhimova — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0500

In this study, the issues related to the development of an efficient technology for producing soy milk from local soybean varieties were examined. The research investigated the effects of the soybean-to-water ratio (hydromodule) and soaking temperature on the quality of the obtained soy milk. It was established that at a hydromodule of 5:1, the chemical composition of soy milk is the most comparable to that of cow’s milk, and the extraction of proteins from soybeans into the aqueous phase occurs most intensively. The optimal soaking temperature for soybeans was determined to be 50 °C, at which the highest yield and best quality of soy milk are achieved.