Scientific and Technical Journal of Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology

519.7:531.3:677 DETERMINING OPTIMAL PARAMETER RATIOS IN THE STUDY OF LONGITUDINAL VIBRATIONS OF THREADS IN WEAVING PROCESS USING A MODEL

Aziza Adizova — 2024-09-30

During the formation of the fabric, various dynamic processes took place, including fluctuations in the threads. The article covers the technology of computer modeling of technological processes on example of the research of transverse oscillations of the thread in weaving process. As an example, the longitudinal oscillations and tension of the threads in the process of surf on a loom are considered.

DETERMINING THE DIRECT RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT OF COTTON FIBER IN THE CONFUSOR TUBE

Sherzod Korabayev — 2024-09-30

This study focuses on determining the direct resistance coefficient of cotton fibers within a conical confusor tube, which is essential for optimizing rotor spinning processes. By employing mathematical modeling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the study investigates how airflow characteristics impact fiber behavior. The resistance coefficient, C_x, was calculated from experimental data and compared with theoretical models for both laminar and turbulent flows. The effects of key parameters, such as Reynolds number and airflow velocity, on fiber resistance were analyzed. The findings indicate that an increase in airflow velocity results in a decrease in the direct resistance coefficient. The research highlights the influence of geometric factors in the confusor on fiber dynamics and yarn quality, providing insights for enhancing rotor spinning efficiency.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY AND VOLATILITY OF THE STOCK MARKET OF UZBEKISTAN

KHADICHA KADIROVA — 2024-09-30

The article examines the essence, significance and role of the stock market in the development of the national economy. The current state of the domestic stock market and enterprises - domestic "blue chips" - are analyzed. The need for the development of the stock market, assessment of its efficiency and volatility based on modern techniques adapted to the national stock market are substantiated. For investors, such an assessment of the efficiency of the stock and bond markets creates the basis for optimizing the allocation of assets when building portfolio strategies, and for issuers it serves as the basis for building a strategy for issuing activities.

62-1/-9 METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF MULTI-CYCLONE TECHNOLOGY IN AIR PURIFICATION AND NEW APPROACHES

odina Davlatova — 2024-09-30

Multi-cyclone devices are widely used in industrial air purification systems, yet improving their efficiency remains a topic of continuous research. This article analyzes the methods and new approaches aimed at enhancing the efficiency of multi-cyclone technology. Several scientific solutions were explored, with their effectiveness supported by mathematical expressions. The findings show that significant improvements in air purification efficiency can be achieved through optimized designs and the application of new technologies. These improvements hold the potential to reduce energy consumption, improve particulate separation, and contribute to more sustainable industrial practices. The enhanced methods include the integration of electrostatic fields and the optimization of cyclone geometry. The integration of electrostatic fields accelerates the separation of particles, while the optimization of design trajectories ensures maximum particle separation. The results indicate that these approaches can lead to substantial gains in efficiency, thereby addressing key challenges faced by multi-cyclone systems in various industrial sectors.

PRODUCTION OF COAL ADSORBENTS BY THERMOCHEMICAL METHOD BASED ON COTTON STALKS AND COTTON SHELLS AND THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Durdona Kuchkarova — 2024-09-30

This article talks about adsorbents, in particular, activated carbons, which can be a solution to environmental and water pollution, which is the cause of today's urgent problems. Studies on the sources of raw materials for obtaining activated carbon, methods of their activation and advantages of the method are presented based on scientific literature. Methods of obtaining thermochemically activated adsorbents based on cotton stalks and cotton shells, the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the yield of coal formation, chemical activation of the obtained coal samples with alkali, and the physical properties of thermochemically activated adsorbents were studied. Methods of studying dust density and particle sizes and conclusions based on them are presented. The results of the studies show that the increase of the pyrolysis temperature from 300℃ to 500℃ led to a decrease in the yield of the produced coal. Due to the low adsorption property of the formed coal, it was thermochemically activated by chemical activation using alkalis such as NaOH and KOH. During thermochemical activation, its adsorption properties increased.

STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF A FULL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT ON DUST SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS IN PRIMARY COTTON PROCESSING FACILITIES

Ahror Tursunov — 2024-09-30

This article explores the development and implementation of a mechatronic system designed to control the concentration of dust particles generated in cotton processing enterprises. The primary objective of the system is to extinguish dust particles after the primary cleaning device by spraying water onto them, thus reducing their dispersion into the environment. A mechatronic module is employed to monitor the concentration of dusty air in the working zone and automatically regulate the concentration of fine dust particles emitted from the cyclone. The compact size of the mechatronic module enables its deployment in isolated areas within the enterprise premises. Control of the water spray system is achieved through digital input pins connected to switches, operating based on predefined algorithms. Specially developed algorithms govern the activation or deactivation of switches in response to variations in dust particle concentration. When the concentration exceeds a predetermined threshold, the switches are activated to initiate the extinguishing process for small dust particles. This automated approach ensures efficient and timely mitigation of dust concentration, contributing to a safer and healthier working environment within cotton processing facilities.

Measuring the Impact of Mechatronic Systems on Silkworm Egg Incubation for Premium Silk Yield

Nasirdinov Bakhodirjon — 2024-09-30

This study investigates the influence of mechatronic systems on silkworm seed incubation to enhance silk quality and yield. Through a controlled experimental approach, we analyzed the effects of a mechatronic environment on silkworm incubation. Our findings indicate significant improvements in silk quality and yield, providing a promising avenue for sustainable silk production. Silk has been prized for centuries due to its luxurious feel and exceptional qualities. The quality of silk heavily depends on the health and development of the silkworms. In this study, we explore the potential of mechatronic systems to optimize the incubation conditions of silkworm seeds, aiming for higher-quality silk.

STUDY OF A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FOR CLEANING COTTON RAW MATERIALS FROM GROSS POLLUTION

ILHOM KULMATOV — 2024-09-30

The article presents an analysis of the scientific work carried out to improve the technology of cleaning cotton from large impurities, and also describes the results of the experimental work of the proposed technological equipment. It is expected that the effectiveness of cleaning from small impurities with a piled drum will increase as a result of the improvement of the recommended cotton cleaner from large impurities. as a result of not using a regeneration saw drum, the height of the cleaner and the efficient use of metal and energy consumption are achieved.

HISTORICAL THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION AND THE ISSUE OF LEADERSHIP PERSONNEL

Avazbek Yuldashev — 2024-09-30

In this article stressed about the concepts of state, governance and leadership and their content, their role in the coordination, organization, control, regulation, preservation and development of the social environment.

The ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE FILLING COEFFICIENT OF THE SCREW CLEANER SYSTEM WITH SEEDED COTTON ON THE CURRENT CONSUMPTION OF THE SYSTEM

Sanjar Tojimirzaev — 2024-09-30

This article substantiates the possibility of increasing the productivity and efficiency of cleaning process machines by improving the design of the screw cleaner, which ultimately allows you to get high-quality products. Also, the factors affecting the movement of raw cotton in the chute of the device are determined, a scheme for calculating the movement of raw cotton together with the flow of hot air in the feed zone, as well as the forces acting on the surface of the mesh is presented. To solve the problem of the process of feeding the flow of raw cotton in a stationary mode, it is established that the pressure must be positive at an arbitrary section of the cross-section.

In the article, using the Maple program, the dependence of the flow of raw cotton Q is determined for different values of the filling factor of the flow of raw cotton transferred from the hopper of the device, which are presented in the form of graphs.

Effect of bentonite on benzene vapor adsorption in order to determine the activation conditions of log bentonite

G'aniyeva Nazokat — 2024-09-30

In the article, the adsorption properties of benzene vapor by adsorbents derived from Logon bentonite, activated through various thermal and chemical methods, were analyzed. The study highlights that chemical activation significantly enhances the adsorption capacity of Logon bentonite (LB-1). The comparison between untreated bentonite and chemically activated forms reveals improved benzene vapor adsorption in the chemically treated bentonite, indicating that the activation process has a substantial impact on the material's adsorption efficiency.

OBTAINING OF PHOSPHORIC CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Timur Muxamedjanov — 2024-09-30

The article presents the studies obtaining and research new polycondensation type phosphoric cation-exchange resin. The conditions for the phosphorylation of this polymer were selected from the experiments accumulated in relation to the phosphorylation reactions of low- and high-molecular compounds. The resulting polymer had an exchange capacity for a 0.1N NaOH solution – 5,5-5,6 mEq/g and contained 16,5% phosphorus. Based on the studies carried out, the optimal conditions for the synthesis of the styrene-furfural polymer are assumed to be: the reaction temperature is 90°C, the concentration of the ZnCl2 catalyst is 0.07 mol per mole of furfural, and the molar ratio of styrene to furfural is 1:1. There was studied an interaction of the cation exchanger in Na- and H-forms with solutions of salts of copper sulfate, nickel, cobalt, sodium chloride, calcium and uranyl nitrate. In order to elucidate the mechanicm of sorption of the cations of these metals, were taken the IR spectra of the cation exchanger in the H and Na form, saturated with copper ions. The less dissociated phosphoric acid groups, the stronger hydrogen bond forms phosphoryl oxygen with OH groups. Therefore, it can be expected that as the cation exchanger is saturated with sodium, the maximum of the band corresponding to the phosphorus-oxygen bond vibrations will slightly shift to longer wavelengths as a result of the destruction of the weaker hydrogen bond.

A THЕ IMРАСT OF ЕLЕСTRIСITY СONSUMРTION LOАD GRАРHS ON THЕ РOWЕR

Alisher To‘xtashev — 2024-09-30

This рареr рrеsеnts thе аnаlysis rеsults of hourly, dаily, monthly, аnd аnnuаl еlесtriсity сosts for thе tеxtilе еntеrрrisе. Dаtа on thе сomраny's еnеrgy сonsumрtion for 2023 wаs сollесtеd аnd аnаlyzеd, rеvеаling thе dynаmiсs of monthly, quаrtеrly, аnd аnnuаl еnеrgy сonsumрtion раttеrns. Thе study аlso highlights thе bеnеfits of imрlеmеnting timе-of-usе tаriffs to еnсourаgе еlесtriсity сonsumрtion. Dаtа from dеvеloреd сountriеs indiсаtе thаt shifting to off-реаk timеs саn lеаd to signifiсаnt сost sаvings, rеduсеd реаk dеmаnd сhаrgеs, аnd fаvorаblе timе-of-usе tаriffs, rеsulting in bеttеr loаd mаnаgеmеnt аnd sustаinаbility.

Industrie 4.0 implementation challenges in Germany

Azizbek Azizov — 2024-09-30

Abstract: This article examines the problems and challenges of the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Germany, focusing on the technological, economic, and social aspects of this industrial transformation. Special emphasis is placed on the "Industrie 4.0" policy in Germany, which has been a key driver of this transformation. The discussion is organized around three key areas: technological and economic challenges, social and ethical challenges, and future directions. As a result, it was concluded that countries need to adopt a long-term strategic plan to successfully meet the requirements of Industry 4.0. The author outlines 5 solution in order to implement "Industrie 4.0": strengthening cybersecurity measures, promoting investment in digital infrastructure, supporting workforce development and reskilling, encouraging innovation and collaboration, enhancing international cooperation.

REVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES OF DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF COMPOUND LOADING STRUCTURES AND WORKING BODIES

MUTAKHKHIRKHON ABDUVAKHIDOV — 2024-09-30

There is a big use as carrying elements in technology and worker organ’s component design of technology. In article is organized review of the questions of the using and determinations mechanical parameters of component design, applicable as worker organ cotton picking machine and cotton bud picking machine, unripe cotton bell cleaner.

66.067 Kimyo va kimyoviy texnologiyalar

Tolib Turayev — 2024-09-30

The article presents the results of research on the purification of aqueous solutions of used-saturated ethanolamines from toxic compounds by a three-stage filtration method. In the study, the purification process of ethanolamines by three-stage filtration (sand, charcoal - bentonite and anionite (Tulsion (USA) A-23 and AV-17-8 of the Russian Federation strong base gel type anionites)) was studied, it was found to be the most effective method, and their properties were analyzed done.

Experimental study of sublimation drying of vegetables by applying ultra – high frequency electromagnetic waves

Mirazam Meliboyev — 2024-09-30

consists of developing the technology of sublimation drying of vegetables in an extremely high frequency electromagnetic wave. In the article, the description of the research object, convective and sublimated drying, the modes of the initial processing process and the standard requirements for drying objects are studied in the modes of studies when the sublimated drying process is carried out in the bath. Methods for determining the quality indicators of dried foods and requirements for the quality indicators of the products under study are organoleptic assessment, humidity, restorations, dry matter content, acidity, amount of dyes, amount of vitamin "C", as well as other indicators. Organoleptic evaluation was carried out according to the indications of appearance, consistency, smell and color. The practical significance of the results of the study is explained by the fact that the selection of regime parameters of the drying process, taking into account the characteristics of vegetables, is recommended an improved technology of sublimation drying with preliminary processing in the electromagnetic wave range of extremely high frequencies.

CRITERIA, INDICATORS AND LAWS OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Rusrambek Israilov — 2024-09-30

In this article, the main criteria, indicators and laws of small business development are analyzed in detail. Small businesses play an important role in the economy, supporting innovation, creating jobs and contributing to economic stability. The article analyzes the factors affecting the development of small business, the indicators used to measure this development, and the laws of development. The research results serve to develop effective management strategies for small business entities.

685.348.2:617.3 ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE FOOT

madina mukhammedova — 2024-09-30

Исследование проводилось с целью уточнения анатомо-физиологических параметров и строения стопы. Изучен характер изменений нижних конечностей, возникающих при травмах, выявлены антропобиомеханические особенности состояния стоп. Дана оценка степени и функциональности структуры стоп, используемых для включения стоп.

687.141.017.872.004.12 ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH ELASTIC KNITTED FABRICS FOR SPORTSWEAR DESIGN

Joxongir Monnopov — 2024-09-30

The article considers the most important factors in the analysis of modern assortments of materials with compression properties. For the design of compression sports garments, fabric samples were selected, their mechanical properties were analyzed, and experimental test results were conducted using standard methods. To evaluate the compressive strength of fabrics, it was tested on the YG026T equipment. The YG026A-Ⅲ brand equipment was used to determine the deformation characteristics. The elasticity of the experimental samples was studied and the elongation diagram of the results of the evaluation of the one-cycle deformation characteristics is presented.

RESULTS OF A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN OILS CHARACTERISTICS ON WEAR OF DIESEL AND GAS ENGINE CYLINDER LINERS

Sobir Utaev — 2024-09-30

Research on changes in the characteristics of oil in diesel and gas engines based on diesel. During the research, the laws of lubrication theory, methods of planning experiments and mathematical statistics, as well as methods based on existing regulatory documents were used. When processing experimental data, processing methods using Microsoft Office Excel application packages were used. The alkaline number in samples of used oils varies from 2.24 to 1.4, which indicates the emergency condition of the used oil. The results of analyzes of the alkaline number of the studied motor oils show that when the engine is running on gaseous fuel it decreased on average from 6.0 to 2.24 mg KOH/g, and when running on diesel fuel from 6.0 to 1.4 mg KOH/g g i.e. below the permissible level. According to the research results, we can say that in gas diesel engines, the content of mechanical impurities is less compared to diesel, the alkalinity after operation of 500 engine hours is closer to the maximum value of 2.24, the oil viscosity decreases insignificantly and after 500 engine hours is 9.3 mm² /s, the oil service life increases by an average of 25%; in diesel engines, one of the main oil indicators, alkalinity and kinematic viscosity, are below acceptable values.

The use of the Dobeshi wavelet w APPLICATION OF THE DOBESHI WAVELET METHOD IN DIGITAL PROCESSING OF SIGNALS

Fotima Mullajonova — 2024-09-30

This article is devoted to the construction of Weivlet models, which are considered important in digital processing of Biomedicine signals. These models were built using Dobeshi veyvlets. Dobeshi Weyvlet models have high accuracy in digital performance of Biomedicine signals, this makes a significant contribution to the patient's disease response to provide useful information on how physicians make decisions. As an example, the initial experimental data of its signal from human body sensors were obtained, and on the basis of these data, Dobeshi Weyvlet models were built and their errors were assessed. It is known that Dobeshi wavelets were used in order to reduce signals error, and as a result, error reduction was achieved.

PRACTICE OF PRODUCTION OF POLYCOMPONENT THREAS FROM A MIXTURE OF NATURAL AND CHEMICAL FIBERS

Zokirjon Erkinov — 2024-09-30

This article presents the results of the practice of producing poly-component threads from a mixture of natural and chemical fibers in the production conditions of spinning factories and the production of fabrics and knitted products from them in weaving and knitting enterprises using the technology created at the Uzbek Research Institute of Natural Fibers. The mixtures of polycomponent threads used silk wool from fibrous waste of natural silk, cotton, wool and chemical fibers in the form of viscose, polyester fibers, as well as lycra. From the obtained polycomponent threads, suit and dress fabrics are produced at weaving enterprises, as well as women's knitwear at knitting enterprises. As a result of experimental studies, recommendations have been developed for the production of multicomponent threads and fabrics and knitted products from them in the production conditions of enterprises.

SOME DEFINITIONS ABOUT THE MECHANISM OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS ROLE IN STRENGTHENING THE ACTIVITIES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND SMALL BUSINESSES

BOBIR MIRZAKHALIKOV — 2024-09-30

The article examines and analyzes the views of scientists regarding the operation of the public-private partnership mechanism. The author's concept of defining public-private partnership has been developed and some recommendations have been given for improving its legislative framework.

621.314.212 RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH ON FAILURE TO POWER TRANSFORMERS, REVIEW

Abduvokhid Abdullaev — 2024-09-30

This review article examines the current status of the topic by analyzing the scientific papers published in the last fifty years in the IEEE Xplore database related to power transformer faults. In this article, organizations, regions, and publishing houses dealing with power transformer damage are analyzed, and the share of journals and conferences in general publications is given. At the same time, foundations sponsoring scientific research and foreign scientists who wrote dissertations in this field are cited. The IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar databases were used to construct the graphs. Systematic analysis was used to construct charts of published scientific works. Statistical analysis was used to construct a list of organizations that published scientific works related to the topic, to determine the share of journals and conferences in the publications. The results of the analysis showed that the number of publications on the fault of power transformers is continuously increasing from year to year, which indicates that the field is becoming more relevant. Especially in Beijing, many scientific works have been published on the topic. Foundations can be found on all continents. In the future, they can use this article as analyzed data in researching power transformer damage.

677.21.021 THE ORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FIBER REMOVING PROCESS

Nodirbek Mamadaliyev — 2024-09-30

Our scientists have been conducting research for several years to automate and improve the uniform distribution of cotton raw materials to sawing machines. This article analyzes the theoretical studies presented on the uniform distribution of air pressure and the reduction of electrical energy consumption.

SOME DEFINITIONS ABOUT THE MECHANISM OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS ROLE IN STRENGTHENING THE ACTIVITIES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND SMALL BUSINESSES

Mansurxon Mehmonxonov — 2024-09-30

This paper examines the kinetic parameters of the adsorption of methylene blue and Congo red on various modified carbon adsorbents (RU, BSH, and UO). An analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of different kinetic models (pseudo-first and pseudo-second order) to describe the adsorption process. The results indicated that the pseudo-second order model most accurately reflects the adsorption kinetics, as evidenced by high correlation coefficients (R² > 97%) and positive values of adsorption capacity (As) for all investigated systems. This suggests that the adsorption process is governed by chemical sorption (chemisorption), resulting in strong bonds between the adsorbate and active sites on the carbon surface. RU carbon exhibited the highest adsorption activity compared to BSSH and OXC, which can be attributed to its developed porous structure and a greater number of available active sites. The obtained data can be utilized to optimize adsorption process conditions and select the most effective adsorbents for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.

SYNTHESIS OF METAL PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BASED ON NPK AND CALCULATION OF PARTICLE SIZE USING THE DEBYE-SCHERRER EQUATION

Muzafar Yusupov — 2024-09-30

This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the chemical composition, structural characteristics, and particle size of a newly synthesized metal phthalocyanine pigment, employing advanced physical and chemical analytical techniques. The research utilizes a novel experimental approach to elucidate the synthesis process. Specifically, the particle size of the metal phthalocyanine pigments was assessed using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The synthesis of high-intensity metal phthalocyanine pigment is thoroughly examined, and a diagrammatic representation of the components constituting the NPK-based metal phthalocyanine pigment is provided.

624.011.15 THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE METHODOLOGY OF SELECTING WEAR-RESISTANT MATERIALS TO ABRASIVE CORROSION

Iqrorxon Maxmudov — 2024-09-30

This article presents the theoretical foundations of the method of choosing abrasive-resistant inedible materials. Futurmore, the concepts of abrasive eating are covered more broadly. In agriculture, it is mention about the current state of consumption of the material of the working bodies of soil processing machines. Also, abrasive anti-eating methods have also been cited, and the carbon content of the steel material, its hardness, and relative wear resistance, based on the amounts of chromium, have been analyzed.

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF A CAM MECHANISM WITH ELASTIC ELEMENTS OF THE MECHANISM WITH ELASTIC ELEMENTS OF PAIRED CAMS OF A BOEL MECHANISM OF A WEAVING LOOM

Makhliyo Khudаyberdiyeva — 2024-09-30

The article provides a diagram and principles of operation of the crank mechanism with composite cams. The results of the kinematic analysis of the mechanism with compound cams are presented, taking into account the maximum deformations of the elastic elements of the composite cams of the cam mechanism of the weaving loom. Analytical expressions describing the laws of motion of the connecting rod and rocker arm of a replacement linkage-joint mechanism with their four-link length changing are given. The kinematic characteristics of the crank mechanism with composite cams have been analyzed, and the main parameters of the system have been substantiated.

DEMOGRAPHIC AUTHORITY AND ITS REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

DILBAR ESHANKULOVA — 2024-09-30

This article analyzes the demographic potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its regional characteristics. Specific aspects of the number, structure and location of the country's population, regional differences in demographic processes have been studied. A comparison of regions was made according to the main indicators of demographic development. Recommendations on effective use of demographic potential have been developed. Based on the official data of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the number, composition and quality indicators of the population were analyzed and the role of the demographic potential in economic growth, innovative development and national security was thoroughly studied. Also, the in-depth analysis of demographic processes and the study of their regional characteristics are of urgent importance.

62-1/-9 ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF A NEW MULTI-CYCLONE DEVICE

odina Davlatova — 2024-09-30

This study delves into the aerodynamic characteristics of a newly designed multi-cyclone device, with an emphasis on its performance analysis and optimization. Multi-cyclone systems are widely used in industrial applications for air filtration, where the efficient separation of particulate matter from gas streams is crucial. Despite their effectiveness, conventional multi-cyclone devices often suffer from inefficiencies such as high pressure drops and suboptimal particle separation. In response to these challenges, this research explores the potential for enhancing the performance of these devices by optimizing their aerodynamic properties.

The study employs a combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and mathematical modeling, based on the Navier-Stokes equations and Bernoulli's principle, to evaluate the behavior of airflow within the new device. Key aerodynamic parameters such as velocity distribution, pressure drop, and aerodynamic forces (centrifugal, drag, and lift forces) were analyzed. The results reveal that by optimizing the geometric parameters—including the cyclone's diameter, height, and inlet and outlet dimensions—significant improvements in both separation efficiency and energy consumption can be achieved.

A comparative analysis between traditional and the new multi-cyclone designs demonstrated that the latter offers a 15% reduction in pressure drop and a 10% increase in separation efficiency. The enhanced performance is primarily due to the improved flow distribution, which maintains higher tangential velocities and reduces turbulence within the device. Additionally, the multi-cyclone arrangement, with optimized inlet geometry, contributed to more uniform airflow and more effective separation of smaller particulates.

The research also included an optimization process using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to further fine-tune the geometric and operational parameters, highlighting the effectiveness of multi-objective optimization techniques in complex aerodynamic systems. These findings underline the critical role of aerodynamic analysis in the design of more efficient multi-cyclone devices, with broad applications in industries that rely on air filtration systems.

The extended insights gained from this research provide a valuable contribution to the development of next-generation multi-cyclone systems, offering enhanced performance and energy efficiency. Future work will focus on experimental validation of the numerical results and further refinement of the device's design to ensure its practical applicability across various industrial sectors.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ADHESIVE SUBSTANCES ON PAPER STRENGTH PROPERTIES

Nargiza Aliyeva — 2024-09-30

In the article, modified cationic starch (MCS) containing 80 percent of cotton cellulose, 20 percent of polyester (lavsan) fiber waste, carboxyl methyl cellulose (NaKMS) glue in the second stage, and acrylic emulsion (AE) in the third stage are 0.5 to 2 percent of the paper pulp. Paper samples were taken by adding up to .5% and the obtained paper samples were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the quality indicators of the paper samples improved by 15%.

EFFECTIVE METHODS OF REGENERATION OF USED MOTOR OILS

Sarvar Boyturayev — 2024-09-30

In this article, the increasing demand for oil produced as a result of oil refining and the damage it causes to the environment as a result of its use, as well as the analysis of the global growth trend of the need for lubricants are presented. Taking into account the increasing need for lubricants, we conducted research on the processing of used oils. . In our experiments, studies were conducted using chloride, nitrate, sulfate, vinegar, trichloracetic acids for oil processing by acid adsorbent method. The viscosity, viscosity index, and cloud point of the oils obtained as a result of the research were compared with the physical properties of new and used oils. The results of our experiments show that it is possible to obtain good results in the processing of oils using the acid adsorption method.

The Importance of Systematic Analysis in the Drying Process of Fruit and Vegetable Pastilla

Mukhriddin Kholikov — 2024-09-30

Abstract: This article provides information on the significance of systematic analysis in the drying process of fruit and vegetable paste, as well as recommendations for the development of high-quality products for the food industry. It emphasizes the importance of using advanced production technologies and modern methods of processing and storing products in order to achieve sustainable development in the fruit and vegetable industry. The article discusses the benefits of scientific analysis in improving the quality of agricultural products and emphasizes the need for systematic analysis in the production process. It also presents an algorithm for using systematic analysis in drying fruit and vegetable pastes, as well as the main features of the processing process. By following these recommendations, producers can ensure the production of high-quality semi-finished products enriched with biological additives, which are essential for the food industry. Furthermore, the use of effective methods of drying fruits and vegetables can help preserve their nutritional value and extend their shelf life.Justifying the optimal drying parameters for fruit and vegetable pastilles in an innovative way, we have determined a highly efficient and energy-saving drying process, as well as technical and economic indicators for producing various dried pastille compositions based on the high moisture content of fruits and vegetables. This process helps to reduce the waste of raw materials during processing.

INDUSTRY 4.0 CHALLENGES IN CHINA

Azizbek Azizov — 2024-09-30

Abstract: This literature review examines the implementation of Industry 4.0 in China, focusing on its historical development, strategic national policies, key technological advancements, and socio-economic impacts. Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, robotics, and big data into manufacturing processes, represents a significant shift in China's industrial landscape. The article provides a global overview of Industry 4.0, highlighting its technological foundations and its importance in transforming manufacturing systems worldwide. This article examines China's specific context, exploring the country's historical industrial evolution, the "Made in China 2025" initiative, and the roles of key players, including government bodies, state-owned enterprises, and private companies. The author analyzes the socio-economic impacts, including productivity gains, cost reductions, new business models, and the profound effects on employment, workforce development, and environmental sustainability. The review underscores the transformative potential of Industry 4.0 in China while acknowledging the challenges that must be addressed to fully realize its benefits.

EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF FLAT ELEMENTS OF THE SAW WORKING ELEMENT PACKAGE

MUTAKHKHIRKHON ABDUVAKHIDOV — 2024-09-30

In the article, one of the most important results is that the magnitude of the bending rigidity of the saw working element package is a function of only the magnitude of the compression force of the package and the geometric dimensions of the contact areas of the flat elements, but does not depend on the mechanical properties of the materials of the rod elements. Here, a certain analogy can be traced with the linear rigidity of a flexible thread, determined only by the magnitude of its stretching force and also independent of the properties of the thread material.

691.35.2; 661.7 Kimyo va kimyoviy texnologiyalar

Nodira Amanova — 2024-09-30

In this article, it was considered expedient to obtain sulfur concrete based on organic compounds. Silico-PB(siliko-polibutadien) and PEM(poliefirmaleinat) were used as modifiers. The corrosion resistance of the obtained samples of sulfur concrete was studied in aggressive environments, including: 10% solutions of acids H₂SO₄, HCl, HNO₃, H₃PO₄, 3% solutions of Na₂SO₄, NaCl, NaF, 10% NaOH, pH=4-10 and machine oil, dichloroethane and diesel fuels. The results obtained in the course of research show an increase in corrosion resistance and an improvement in the mechanical properties of sulfur concrete.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF MISCANTHUS PLANT LEAVES AND STEMS

U Alamov — 2024-09-30

A comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the leaves and whole plant stems of the cellulose-containing miscanthus plant shows that the values of indicators such as the mass fraction of protein, fat, ash and acid-insoluble lignin in the plant components are similar to those of the whole Miscanthus plant. high in wire; therefore, it is recommended to use whole Miscanthus plants, including leaves and stems, for further research aimed at developing the scientific and technological basis of processing and using Miscanthus biomass in fuel and energy, cellulose, microbiology and other fields.

STUDY OF THE PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FASHION INDUSTRY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY

Shohruxmirzo Mahsudov — 2024-09-30

The article explores the capabilities of creating clothing forms and visualizations in a virtual environment. It examines the shape formation of women's loincloths designed using the Clo3D program, which leverages advanced digital technologies for 3D modeling, focusing on fabrics with identical fiber compositions. The study addresses the compatibility between virtual models and actual clothing forms, evaluates the quality of visualization in relation to the accuracy of the virtual model, and investigates the factors influencing material simulation during the shape acquisition process. The fiber composition of women's clothing models from various brands across different price segments was analyzed, revealing key characteristics that will guide the formulation of future research tasks.

An ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY ENTERPRISES USING THE MATRIX METHOD

Эльнара Алиева — 2024-09-30

The innovative activity of an enterprise is associated with a high degree of risk. Therefore, the management and organization of innovative activities of an enterprise is accompanied by constant consideration and assessment of all criteria, factors and indicators that influence the efficiency and effectiveness of the activities carried out. The main tools used in assessing innovation activity, taking into account all indicators and indicators, strengths and weaknesses of innovation activity, opportunities and threats, taking into account their strategic significance, risks and expected profitability, include: indicators of innovation activity, financial indicators, key production indicators (KPI), assessment of market reaction, SWOT analysis, use of technological and methodological tools, as well as matrices.

These tools help assess important aspects of an enterprise's innovative activities and make informed management decisions for the further development and optimization of the company's innovative potential.

The matrix is one of the important tools for assessing the innovative activities of an enterprise. In the context of innovation, it takes into account the various goals of the enterprise and is used to evaluate ideas based on their potential and risks, manage and evaluate indicators and criteria of innovation activity according to various parameters, such as strategic importance, expected profitability, degree of risk and other factors, evaluate types of innovations according to the degree of novelty and breadth of implementation, assessment of the current state and prospects for the development of innovative products at various periods of their life cycle.

The use of matrices in assessing innovation activities helps to structure information, facilitates decision-making and improves innovation management in an organization. Each specific matrix can be adapted and customized to suit the unique needs and strategy of the enterprise.

PRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING OIL FROM PEANUT KERNELS AND REFINING THE OIL OBTAINED IN SHORT CYCLES

Zuxriddin Voqqosov — 2024-09-30

In this article, the extraction of oil from peanut kernels by pressing method, the production of reduced cycle refining technology in the case of choosing the necessary refining methods, and the selected oil of Rakhbar, Salamat , Mumtoz , Qibra-4 varieties according to the quality indicators of the obtained oil according to the standard requirements. the amount varies from 42.5% to 55.3% and was found to contain oleic (35.10%-42.66%) and linolenic acid (30.53%-40.86%). At the same time, it contains a large amount of α -, γ - and δ -tocopherol and β -sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol. The physicochemical parameters evaluated were as follows: acid value (0.11-2.74 KOHg/ mg) and peroxide value (1.94-5.55 mmol/kg) analysis is detailed

DETERMINING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINE USING DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

SHOHIJAKHON KUDRATOV — 2024-09-30

The article deals with effective ways of assessing the technical condition of diesel locomotive diesel engine units, which allow timely detecting malfunctions and taking measures for their elimination. Modern means of diagnostics prevent faults in locomotive devices, provide reliable forecasting of changes in the technical condition of the main units of equipment, determine their residual life, develop and improve effective methods of data processing from the locomotive. Diesel locomotive, unlike stationary and marine diesel engines, has specific features due to the limited size of the diesel room, the presence of strict requirements for traffic safety and a large number of operating units. These features exclude the possibility of installing large-sized and expensive diagnostic equipment on the locomotive, but at the same time require prompt information on the technical condition of the main units and parts of the power plant.

547-32.54-057:543.33 Kimyo va kimyoviy texnologiyalar

Gulvar Mukumova — 2024-09-30

Objective. Goal. Worldwide, wastewater is characterized by pollution, a great danger to the environment and all forms of life.Therefore, before draining contaminated water, it must be properly treated to mitigate its harmful effects. This work studied the thermal analysis of the sorbent obtained for wastewater treatment on the basis of urea, formalin and citric acid, as well as the complex compound formed by it with heavy metals contained in wastewater.

Methods. The article presents an analysis of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses of urea, formalin, and citric acid-based sorbents. The results of the curve from the differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) representation of the synthesized sorbent have been analyzed. The process of thermal decomposition is a complex stage of many stages, which goes away with the release of intermediate products. The thermal decomposition of sorbent complexes with certain metal ions is also significantly influenced by the presence of a metal and the components of complex compounds.

Results. The thermal decomposition of sorbent complexes with certain metal ions is also significantly influenced by the presence of a metal and the components of complex compounds. Thermal analysis of the complex formed by kfl-sorbenting Zn(II) has been studied.

Conclusion. Thermal analysis of the complex formed by sorbenting Zn(II), obtained on the basis of urea, formalin, and citric acid, has been studied. Based on the analysis of the results, it was concluded that compounds such as H2O, NH3 CO, and CO2 are formed from different functional groups during the degradation of sorbent obtained on the basis of urea, formalin, and citric acid. An analysis of the polyfunctional complex-forming sorbent in a scanning electron microscope is given.

Choosing the main features of special clothing for riders, taking into account the requirements of consumers

Lobar Musayeva — 2024-09-30

Selection and justification of the main properties of special clothing for multi-equestrian riders. Also, the construction and development of special clothing by formulating the requirements for the special clothing of many equestrian sports.

INCOME STRATIFICATION OF THE POPULATION AND OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE INCOMES

MUHAMMADJON GANIEV — 2024-09-30

The article analyzes the sources of population incomes, the purchasing power of incomes, the stratification of incomes and its variability in the conditions of the market economy.

ELECTRON BEAM DEPOSITION OF BORON-BASED COATINGS UNDER VACUUM PRESSURE AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF NITROGENATION IN ELECTRON BEAM PLASMA

Lazizbek Abdullayev — 2024-09-30

When using optimal modes, energy consumption is (170-190) W / cm². It matches most of the properties of electrolytes for anodic heating.

It was found that the following structures are formed in boron coating: oxide zone (Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃, FeO) and nitride-martensite layer (Fe₃N, martensite and retained austenite).

The method of backscattering protons from the nucleus made the concentration of boron in the layer 13% and nitrogen - 11%.

After anodizing the needles, their microhardness increases from HB=54-60 to HB=135-150, that is, the microhardness of their work surface increases 2.5-3 times.

The increase in the microhardness of the needles leads to a decrease in the cost of replacing them with a new one, as a result of which they are slightly (2-3 times) less bent and broken during the sewing process.

After anodic boron-nitriding of the needles, their working surfaces increase the service life of the needles by at least 3 times.

677.051 IMPACT OF SAW SPACING ON LINT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY IN THE LINTING PROCESS

Sherzodbek Tuychiyev — 2024-09-30

This article presents the results of experimental studies conducted in laboratory conditions to investigate the impact of the saw spacing in linting equipment, enhanced with a working gin chamber, on the performance of lint removal and the quality of the obtained lint and lintered seeds. The experiments focus on how different saw intervals affect the productivity and the quality of both the lint and the lintered seeds.

PRINCIPLES OF IMPROVEMENT OF HEAVY MIXTURES FROM COTTON RAW MATERIALS

ILGORBEK IBROKHIMOV — 2024-09-30

This article provides an analysis of devices that capture heavy impurities from the composition of cotton raw materials available in cotton ginning enterprises and ways of their improvement. In addition, the condition of the equipment used in foreign enterprises was also analyzed for comparative studies. During the research, the negative effects of heavy compounds in cotton on the working organs of devices in the technological process were also studied.

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF TWO-LAYER KNITTED FABRICS

JASURBEK ORIPOV — 2024-09-30

This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the quality indicators of 6 samples of knitted fabric processed on the "WONDERFULL" knitting machine, and also proposed for the production of the best samples.