Scientific and Technical Journal of Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology

53.083.1 MATHEMATICAL ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING THE CALIBRATION INTERVAL AND METROLOGICAL ACCURACY OF GAS ANALYZERS BASED ON INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS ILAC-G24:2022/OIML D 10:2022 (E)

2024-03-06T16:19:51+05:00

This research work analyzes the issues of establishing the calibration interval of measuring instruments and predicting metrological accuracy. The issue of implementing the methods given in the international recommendations ILAC-G24:2022/OIML D 10:2022 (E) using experimental measurements is considered. In order to analyze the calibration process over the years, the maximum permissible limits of measurement accuracy were determined, decision rules were introduced, and factors influencing the results were studied. Based on the results of calibration of the gas analyzer “KASKAD-N 31.4” for the oxide component of nitrogen in 2022 and 2023, the expected calibration period is predicted in 2024. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental analysis, an algorithm for predicting the calibration interval was formed

STUDYING THE TYPES AND THEIR COMPOSITION OF POLLUTANT MIXTURES CONTAINING COTTON SEEDS

2024-04-24T18:55:37+05:00

Annotation: This article identifies the types of impurities in cotton and their composition. Technologies at cotton ginning enterprises have been studied. Impurity compounds cause a decrease in the quality indicators of seed cotton, and the processes of deterioration of cotton fiber have been studied. To obtain high-quality cotton fiber and seeds, impurities in seed cotton were experimentally determined.

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ROTARY FEEDER DESIGN AND BASED FLOW PARAMETERS FOR A SEED FEEDER DEVICE

2024-04-29T14:09:54+05:00

Abstract: In the article, the design of the fuzzy seed feeder device is developed. The flow characteristics are determined according to the geometric parameters of the proposed rotary feeder hopper. Graphs showing the interdependence of the numerical values of the obtained parameters were obtained.

- ENHANCING COTTON GINNING PROCESSING METHOD FOR BETTER FIBRE QUALITY

2024-02-22T10:00:45+05:00

Cotton, as a fundamental fibre source for the textile industry, plays a pivotal role in global economic development. The quality of cotton fibre is of paramount importance, as it directly influences the final product's characteristics. In this research article, we explore various methods to enhance cotton processing techniques, aiming to produce better-quality cotton fibre.

UDC {62}21474 PRODUCTION WАSTEWАTER TREАTMENT TECHNOLOGIES

2024-03-18T17:29:47+05:00

Sofitel Joint Venture аt the joint venture for the production of Ultrаmаrine pigment, sаmples were tаken from wаstewаter contаminаted with vаrious substаnces used in the production process аnd the composition wаs studied.

Аs а result of the reseаrch аnd reseаrch on the technology of wаstewаter treаtment generаted by industriаl enterprise production processes, the ingridients in the wаstewаter content generаted by the permitted norm were Nа+ 1.97 times in the lаst 6th Pool, Mg2+ 1.025 times, HCO3 3.36 times, Cl-9.22 times, NO2 - 2.5 times.

The effluent generаted from the production process is trаpped in а filter in а pool for а certаin аmount during Tinning in six pools, аccumulаting ultrаmаrine pigment аt the bottom of the pool. Ultrаmаrine dispers pаrticles in the pool become lаrger аnd sink to the bottom of the effluent аs а result of their mutuаl аddition аnd formаtion of аssosiаtes. Аs we know, ultrаmаrine pigment cаn be used not only for vаrnishes, but аlso аs а dye in the production of textiles, pаper, plаstic.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL-ORIENTED BREAD PRODUCTS

2024-04-25T13:56:03+05:00

Abstract: This article explores the latest technological developments in the production of functional-oriented bread products. It investigates methods used in enhancing the nutritional, health, and sensory properties of bread, emphasizing innovation and efficiency in the baking industry.

ANALYSIS ОF DEFECTS AND SОLUTIОNS IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN CОMMERCIAL BANKS

2024-04-30T13:15:51+05:00

Abstract. This scientific article analyzes the prоblems оf the shоrtcоmings оf investment activity in cоmmercial banks, which is оne оf the impоrtant directiоns оf the financial sectоr, and their sоlutiоns.As the glоbal ecоnоmy undergоes cоntinuоus changes, cоmmercial banks play a crucial rоle in stimulating ecоnоmic grоwth thrоugh strategic deplоyment оf funds thrоugh variоus investment activities. The article fоcuses оn the main factоrs, risk management strategies and regulatоry framewоrks, and examines the оrigin and current trends оf investment activity in cоmmercial banks.

UDK 677.21.021 ANALYSIS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF PNEUMATIC OUTLETS IN THE PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM

2024-02-28T14:08:06+05:00

Абстрактный.

Цель . В данной статье изучены пути снижения уровня повреждений при транспортировке хлопка и продукции из него в системе пневмотранспорта в технологии переработки хлопка. Несмотря на то, что проведено множество научных исследований по совершенствованию компонентов пневмотранспортной системы в процессе транспортировки хлопка пневмотранспортом, исследования пневмотрубы, ее герметичности и трения трубы с хлопком недостаточно проведены. изучены с целью обеспечения эффективности транспортировки хлопкового сырья в потоке воздуха. Поэтому цель данной статьи – исследовать и предотвратить повреждение хлопка и продукции из него в системе пневмотранспорта.

Методы. Изучен процесс транспортировки хлопка в системе пневмотранспорта на начальном этапе переработки, а также проведены исследования на участках скорлупы, где хлопок и волокно часто повреждаются. В рамках исследований создана лабораторная установка и проведены эксперименты по определению ударного воздействия при различных скоростях воздуха в пневмотранспорте.

Полученные результаты. В результате исследований разработана конструкция вращающихся частей труб пневмотранспорта, не влияющая на качественные показатели семян.

Заключение. Среди предложенных локтей с различной геометрической формой была выбрана геометрическая форма, не теряющая давления воздуха и не воздействующая на хлопок излишней силой удара.

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR DUST CONTROL IN COTTON GINING ENTERPRISES

2024-04-24T18:47:56+05:00

Annotation. The article describes the technological process of primary processing of cotton, which is accompanied by a significant release of dust from technological and transporting machines into production premises and the atmosphere. The norm of air dust content in the production premises of a cotton gin plant is no more than 10 mg/m³. To create normal sanitary and hygienic conditions, production premises and individual dust-emitting installations are dedusted. Before exhaust dust-laden air is released into the atmosphere, it is also cleaned of dust. At the beginning of the technological process, during transportation and cleaning of raw cotton from impurities, mineral dust is mainly released from it and pollutes the air; at the end of the technological process, especially during linting and compaction, dust of organic origin is released. Despite the installation of the necessary dust removal equipment, many problems and unresolved issues remain.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS MECHANICAL IMPURITIES IN TRANSFORMER OILS ON ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

2024-04-29T13:54:37+05:00

Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the influence of various mechanical impurities of transformer oils on electric and magnetic fields based on scientific literature. The analysis showed that mechanical impurities contained in transformer oil affect the electric field. However, the influence of sludge, fibers and metal particles on the magnetic field is stronger. At the same time, the electromagnetic field is influenced by such types of mechanical impurities contained in transformer oil as asphalt deposits, fibers, soap compounds and metal particles.

621.512 IMPROVING THE DESIGN OF WATER SPRAY NOZZLES IN COOLING TOWERS.

2024-01-22T17:08:23+05:00

The operation of enterprises in the industrial complex is accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat from technological processes in the operating equipment, which must be removed to maintain the operating mode and the given rate of production.

In industry and energy, recycled water cooled in cooling towers is used to condense exhaust steam and gaseous products, cool liquid products, as well as equipment and mechanisms in order to protect them from rapid destruction under the influence of high temperatures. The performance of technological equipment, the quality and cost of manufactured products, and the specific consumption of raw materials, fuel and electricity depend on the efficiency of cooling towers. Today, removing low-grade heat from industrial devices using cooling towers is the cheapest way, allowing you to save at least 95% of fresh water from the network.

As can be seen from the above, in water cooling devices it is mainly related to the improvement and development of new types of irrigation nozzles and the general design of cooling towers.

621.43:621.311.24:536.24 EVALUATION OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE ENGINE USING THE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF GASES USED IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2024-03-13T15:36:17+05:00

Данная статья посвящена методу анализа состава газов, применяемому в двигателях внутреннего сгорания для обнаружения и диагностики поломок и отказов двигателей внутреннего сгорания.

Резкий рост количества автомобилей в мире ставит перед учеными огромные задачи по дальнейшему совершенствованию двигателей внутреннего сгорания. Сегодня одной из главных задач является полное использование мощности двигателя, создание экологически чистого двигателя внутреннего сгорания, снижение расхода топлива.

THEORETICAL STUDY OF FIBER BEHAVIOR IN A NEW STRUCTURED ELONGATION PAIR

2024-04-25T12:51:48+05:00

This paper is a theoretical study on the state of movement of a fiber bundle in a stretching pair in a new design of stretching tool for thread formation in a spinning machine depending on the twist of the thread. The problem of increasing the tensile strength of the thread due to the correct choice of linear speed and the amount of twist of the yarn was considered.

ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF SURKHONDARYO REGION USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL METHODS

2024-04-30T10:05:16+05:00

It is very important to study the environmental problems in the southern regions of Uzbekistan and the harmful effects caused to people, animals and plants. Atmospheric air pollution, sudden warming and drying of the air affect the environment and ecological system. Therefore, it was aimed to study polluted atmospheric air, dry and hot atmospheric air, dry soil temperature, and the amount of methane and carbon dioxide gas in the air.

338:502 PRОSPECTS ОF TRАNSITIОN TО GREEN ECОNОMY

2024-02-26T20:10:08+05:00

The аrticle аnаlyzes the cоnceptuаl fоundаtiоns оf the cоncepts оf "sustаinаble develоpment" аnd "inclusive develоpment", аs well аs the relаtiоnship between them, including the аttitude tо the use оf finаnciаl, humаn аnd nаturаl, аs well аs sоciаl, ecоnоmic аnd envirоnmentаl cоmpоnents. The fоreign experience in the directiоns оf the trаnsitiоn tо the "green" ecоnоmy аccоrding tо the criteriа оf ecоnоmic, ecоlоgicаl аnd sоciаl cоmpоnents is highlighted. The impоrtаnce оf trаnsitiоn tо "Green" ecоnоmy in sоlving glоbаl prоblems is shоwn.

UDK 621.01 Analysis of dependence on the parameters of the angles and loadings of the conveyor shaft and the drum set with a curved pile after cleaning cotton from small impurities.

2024-04-19T19:14:26+05:00

Abstract The article provides a justification of the recommended values based on the analysis of the graphs of dependence of the vibration coverage and loads of the curved pile drum and the angular velocities of the drive shaft on the rotation stiffness and moment of inertia of the belt drive.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF GINING ON PRODUCTS

2024-04-29T13:44:11+05:00

Abstract: The ginning process depends on many factors, among which the main ones are the characteristics of the processed cotton, the rotation speed of the saw, and the geometric dimensions of the saw tooth. It is impossible to determine the quality of the fiber by the arc of saw teeth engaged on it and the fiber separated around the seed comb. It can only be determined after passing beyond the grate.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL LINES OF MEN'S TOP KNITTING ASSORTMENT

2024-03-12T14:26:06+05:00

Objective. This article provides information on the model lines created for the design project of men's outerwear based on the combination of outerwear made from raw materials available in our Republic and useful waste fabrics from the cutting process in the leather industry.

Methods. The type of textile fabrics, the combination of knitted and leather fabrics, the length, width and shape of the clothes were used in the creation of the model series of samples recommended for the development of sketch models of men's outerwear.

Results. As a result of scientific research for the development of sketchy model patterns of men's top knitwear, several structures, more informative elements in dressing the form of clothing, which are perceived as preliminary information for a series of constructive-unified andases of the form of clothing using lactic tissue fabric and leather waste, have been agitated.

Conclusion. Outer knitwear made from raw materials available in our country and useful waste fabrics from the leather industry were obtained in the programmed series and based on them, a number of men's outerwear sketch models were developed in 3D format.

IMPROVING THE ELASTIC MASS OF FIBER ON THE SURFACE OF THE SAW CYLINDER IN FIBER CLEANING EQUIPMENT USING AN ADDITIONAL DEVICE

2024-04-25T12:34:37+05:00

In the article in order to improve fiber cleaning equipment, it is proposed to improve the elastic mass of fiber on the surface of the saw cylinder in the equipment using an additional device. The scientific work on the improvement of the equipment was analyzed. In addition, it has been studied that the required 0-2 mm spacing between the clamping brush and the saw cylinder, due to the rapid wear of the clamping brush due to continuous operation of the cleaner, expands to 3-6 mm, and in some cases even more. Inadequate adhesion of the fiber to the saw cylinder, along with the impurities released when the fiber hits the colostrums, the fibers that are weakly attached to the saw teeth are separated into waste. This in turn leads to a decrease in the amount of fiber being produced. To overcome this shortcoming, it is necessary to ensure good adhesion of the fiber to the saw cylinder. For this, the equipment is equipped with a guide device that ensures that the movement of the fiber reaches the surface of the saw blade well, and its effect on cleaning the fiber is theoretically based.

INTRODUCTION INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE TO HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2024-04-30T09:58:00+05:00

Abstract: This article well explains the basics of interdisciplinary education and analyzes the importance, benefits and handicaps of interdisciplinary courses in higher education systems. It also shortly discusses the history of interdisciplinary approach and future prospects in a short and long term. Finally, it provides some aspects need to be considered by faculties and students while developing and selecting one of these courses.

R REGULATIONS OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS

2024-02-24T11:50:27+05:00

In the article, spatial mechanisms of small business development, factors, opinions of foreign scientists, existing problems are listed based on statistical analysis, and as effective solutions to these problems, recommendations on the development and implementation of issues of regional location of business entities are presented. The research methods were statistical, comparative analysis, induction and deduction methods. The changes that have occurred in the economy in recent years require the development of a new, more complex stage of economic transformation, in which the center of gravity shifts to solving the problem caused by the technical-economic paradigm and systemic long-term changes. Term challenges that reflect global trends and domestic development barriers. In such conditions, small business plays an important role, which affects the socio-economic level of the country's economy in many ways. The article contains proposals and recommendations on the features of regional development of small business. When analyzing the processes of formation of territorial models of innovative development of small business, it is reasonable to conclude that their most important parameters form a multi-level system, are complexly interrelated and subordinate to each other. It is of particular importance to develop an approach that allows for a systematic interpretation of the processes of formation of unique regional trajectories of innovative development of business entities that ensure the successful creation and implementation of competitive advantages, and the use of typology as its basis.

PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING PRODUCT QUALITY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES BASED ON QUALITY POLICY SYSTEMS

2024-04-02T09:18:02+05:00

The enterprises of the textile industry are not only the most important of the existing enterprises in Uzbekistan, but also help to develop this industry. therefore, the unsatisfactoriness of harmonization with the requirements of national and international standards in textile enterprises and the current unsatisfactory quality management systems in textile enterprises, as well as the import of products made in Uzbekistan to foreign markets, increasing the export potential and the quality and safety of products is an obstacle to increasing trust. Unveiling this potential, forming a textile network in our country that meets the requirements of the times is one of the priority directions of the development of the national economy. Therefore, it is obvious that it is necessary to introduce a quality management system recognized at the international level and meeting global requirements in the enterprises of the textile industry in Uzbekistan. In this article, we recommend establishing a quality policy based on the requirements of the quality management system (SMT, ISO 9000 standard) for textile industry enterprises and introducing modern quality system requirements. That is, it became clear that there are many problems and gaps in the implementation of the unique (SMT) quality management system of textile industry enterprises. Modern quality management system and electronic quality management system (EQMS) and PDCA cycle were developed for textile industry enterprises. As a first step, the scientific work carried out on quality policy was reviewed and the changes after the introduction of the quality management system to textile enterprises were thoroughly analyzed.

SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLAMIDE COPOLYMERS WITH IMPROVED VISCOSITY CHARACTERISTICS

2024-04-25T15:50:38+05:00

Abstract: The prerequisite for this study was the influence of the pH of the medium on the copolymerization process and the characteristics of the copolymers of itaconic acid and acrylamide. The aim of the work was to study this effect on the molecular weight of copolymers and their yield. The methodology included copolymerization of IR and AA at different pH values and different mole ratios of monomers, as well as analysis of the molecular characteristics of copolymers and product yield. The obtained data demonstrate that copolymers synthesized under neutral and slightly alkaline conditions have higher molecular weights and yields compared to an acidic medium, which opens up new prospects for tuning the synthesis of copolymers with desired properties.

Prospects for improving product quality in textile industry enterprises based on quality policy systems

2024-03-08T10:04:01+05:00

Textile industry enterprises are of strategic importance for the development of the economy of Uzbekistan. therefore, the unsatisfactoriness of harmonization with the requirements of national and international standards in textile enterprises, as well as the low level of implementation of quality management systems in textile enterprises, lead to the release of local products to large foreign trade markets, increase of export potential, and product quality and safety is an obstacle to increasing trust. Unveiling this potential, forming a textile network in our country that meets the requirements of the times is one of the priority directions of the development of the national economy. Therefore, it is obvious that it is necessary to introduce a quality management system recognized at the international level and meeting global requirements in the enterprises of the textile industry in Uzbekistan. In this article, we recommend establishing a quality policy based on the requirements of the quality management system (SMT, ISO 9000 standard) for textile industry enterprises and introducing modern quality system requirements. That is, it became clear that there are many problems and gaps in the implementation of the unique (SMT) quality management system of textile industry enterprises. Modern quality management system and electronic quality management system (EQMS) and PDCA cycle were developed for textile industry enterprises. As a first step, the scientific work carried out on quality policy was reviewed and the changes after the introduction of the quality management system to textile enterprises were thoroughly analyzed.

STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FIBER PRODUCTS – CLEANING, COMBING TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES

2024-04-24T19:37:56+05:00

Abstract: Cotton fiber is the most valuable for the textile industry within natural fibers. The products made from it are far superior to other textiles in their ecological purity, high absorbing water. The high quality of yarn fabrics is primarily due to the externalization of the processes of grinding and cleaning cotton fibers in spinning enterprises. The purpose of the grinding process is to prepare the cotton fiber for cleaning, mixing, and provide an opportunity for the returns to be processed.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SEPARATION OF FINE DIRT FROM COTTON

2024-04-29T14:18:17+05:00

Abstract: This article discusses the issue of the distance from cotton to the continuous movement of fine dirt on the surface so that it falls on the tray from the surface of the mesh, that is, the complete separation of impurities from the weight and the angle of inclination affect. Their trajectory according to the law of motion in an inclined plane is determined. The conditions under which the stone will continue to move along the surface of an inclined plane, and small dirt will not hang in the air. Determined the air velocity by associating it with the angle of inclination of the planeConditions are met for the dirt to fall across the surface of the plane through its oblique plane movements, while the fine dirt to continue hanging motion in the air.

ANALYSIS OF USE OF SORTING ALGORITHMS IN DATA PROCESSING

2024-02-23T09:50:40+05:00

This article aims to identify the most efficient sorting algorithm for solving array problems in the programming language C++. By analyzing existing sorting algorithms and conducting performance tests, we can determine the algorithm that best meets the requirements based on the analysis of test results.

UDC 004.421 ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND ALGORITHMS OF CREATION OF MULTIMEDIA ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOKS

2024-04-06T11:21:01+05:00

Ushbu maqolada o‘quv jarayonini tashkil etish va mustaqil ta’lim olish uchun muhim bo‘lgan interaktiv multimediali elektron darsliklarni, boshqacha aytganda, algoritmlarni yaratish bosqichlari ketma-ketligi haqida so‘z boradi. Bir qator ilmiy tadqiqotchilarning ilmiy ishlari, darslik va qo‘llanmalar tahlil qilinib, elektron ta’lim resurslarining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, ularga qo‘yiladigan talablar, shuningdek, zamonaviy dunyoda yangi avlod darsliklari, ya’ni interaktiv elektron darsliklarning tuzilishi va yaratilishi yoritilgan. asosiy algoritmlarni aniqlashga oid ko‘plab olimlarning fikr va mulohazalari muhokama qilindi. Mazkur ilmiy maqola bugungi kunning zamonaviy interaktiv elektron darslik yaratish algoritmlari orqali o‘quvchilarga darsliklarni mustaqil o‘zlashtirish imkonini beruvchi o‘quv darsliklarini yaratish haqida ilmiy-nazariy bilimlar bilan boyitilgan.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLYGRAPHIC INDUSTRY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDEPENDENCE

2024-04-25T15:31:47+05:00

Abstract: The article conducts a study of the development of the printing industry of the Republic of Tajikistan in the post-independent period. In connection with the realities of the modern world and the constantly changing state of demand for printed products, structural changes in the printing market have been identified, namely, greater demand is for short-run printed products. In this regard, a promising solution when the cost of basic materials, which includes paper, and the components of consumables increases, is the reconstruction of existing or the creation of new enterprises with the introduction of contactless digital technologies that help expand the range, ensure efficiency, reduce costs without reducing the quality of printed products.

677.01 ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH ON CHANGING THE SURFACE OF THE GRID IN A DEVICE FOR CLEANING COTTON FROM FINE IMPURITIES

2024-03-06T13:53:49+05:00

This article analyzes scientific research carried out to improve the design of machines for cleaning cotton from small impurities at cotton ginning enterprises, which have a mesh surface, which is one of the main working parts of the machine for cleaning cotton from small impurities, analyzes were carried out and an optimal mesh surface was proposed.

MODERNIZED SEWING MACHINE BOBBIN CAP HOOK THREAD TENSION REGULATOR

2024-04-24T18:52:05+05:00

Abstract. The article presents a modernized regulator of shuttle thread tension in sewing machines. The scheme of the new effective constructive scheme and the principle of operation of the shuttle thread tension regulator is developed.

DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE COEFFICIENT OF SLIDING AND ROLLING FRICTION

2024-04-29T14:00:48+05:00

Abstract: In the article slip and rolling friction coefficients determination styles work developed. Steel basis on the surface cylindrical copper, steel, cast iron, aluminum bodies in sliding static and kinetic friction features identified and affected doer to power dependence graphics received. Also simple experience device through rolling friction coefficient to determine theoretical and experiential ways shown.

A Creating a patterned decorative landscape using knitted shear waste on the surface of the paint product

2024-02-21T14:56:26+05:00

Abstract: The aim is to create a decarative landscape by effectively applying the residual shears of knitted fabric used for garments on the surface of the loaf fabric from woven cotton by gluing the edges with polyester and dice yarn

66.045.126 DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE HEAT TREATMENT STAGE OF MILK

2024-03-16T10:55:38+05:00

In order to meet the demand of the population for agricultural products, the products are stored and processed. Part of the processing of milk and milk products is pasteurization. In this article, detailed information is provided about the thermal calculation of pasteurizer plates for heat treatment of dairy products, its improvement and energy-saving technological system. Plate pasteurizers used in large milk processing enterprises consist of several sections, raw milk is first heated in its raw state for separation, and then directed to homogenization. After homogenization, it returns to the pasteurizer and is heated and pasteurized at the required temperature in the heating section. But in small milk processing enterprises, separation and homogenization are carried out separately, since such a complex system is expensive and requires a lot of energy. therefore, the sections of the plate pasteurizer consist of 3 types of cooling, recuperation and heating, and adjusting the output temperature of milk causes some difficulties. In this article, the problem of improvement of pasteurizer with plates used in small-scale milk processing enterprises is highlighted.

TECHNOLOGY OF FREEZE-DRYING OF RAW MEAT

2024-04-25T13:51:39+05:00

Abstract: Expanding the assortment of agricultural products and providing the population with ecologically clean, natural and safe food products is one of the urgent issues today. Currently, many agricultural products, mainly finished and semi-finished products made from meat products, as well as problems of long-term storage of meat raw materials, or problems such as low structural quality indicators in production productsit is considered one of the priority issues. as a solution to these problems, there is a possibility to apply sublimation drying technology, which is now popular, as a solution. In short, the types of products produced, as well as long-term storage of meat raw materials through drying, are important as they can ensure high efficiency in termsof composition. Drying products makes it possible to provide the population with agricultural products throughout the year. In addition, the demand for dried ecologically clean products is very highly valued in the world market.

MECHANISM FOR ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS SUBJECTS

2024-04-30T13:12:40+05:00

Abstract. Small business and private entrepreneurship is an integral element of the mechanism of the modern economy, so its research is very relevant today. At the current stage of the development of the world economy, small business and private entrepreneurship face many obstacles: in underdeveloped countries - insufficient support from the state or its ineffectiveness; problems in developed countries are not so much dependent on internal factors as external, for example, the current state of the world economy. Small business and private entrepreneurship offer innovative ideas in the field of climate change, resource efficiency, social cohesion and contribute to the transition of countries to a sustainable and digital economy. In some developed countries, the result of its activity is more than half of the annual GDP. The main part of the economically active population is engaged in this type of business. Such a result is ensured not only by the state's favorable conditions for the implementation of business activities, but also by the responsibility of small business and private business entities, the honesty and transparency of their activities.

547-32.54-057:543.33 Spectroscopic analysis of a sorbent based on urea, formalin, and succinic acid and its complexes with ions of Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II)

2024-02-28T10:54:00+05:00

Abstract.

Objective. As a universal solvent, water plays an important role in the existence of all living organisms. Its continuous circulation through the hydrological cycle is essential for maintaining ecosystem balance. Wastewater is distinguished by its pollution and poses a great threat to the environment and all forms of life. Therefore, before discharging polluted water, it is necessary to properly treat it to mitigate its harmful effects. In this work, the sorption of Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) metal ions from separate solutions and mixtures of their components was studied using sorbents obtained from rice husks for wastewater treatment. It is shown that the absorption capacity of sorbents depends on their properties.

Methods. In the article, the synthesis of sorbent and the Raman spectra of sorbent obtained on the basis of urea, formalin and succinic acid (KFC) with some 3d-metals were studied. The results of Raman spectroscopic analysis of the metallocomplex formed by KFC sorbent with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions were analyzed. The obtained spectrum results are presented on the basis of Fig. Absorption frequencies of KFC sorbent and its metallocomplexes for each field (group) were analyzed and included in the table.

Results. In this article, the sorption of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions by polysaccharide biosorbent was studied. The effect of pH on the distribution of metal cations in the heterophase system of an aqueous solution of metal sulfate and a sorbent containing cellulose was determined. The article describes the process of sorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Cr(VI) ions from model aqueous solutions by production waste (knop) and knop after chemical modification with solutions of organic and mineral acids; sodium sulfide has been studied. In this work, the sorption of Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) metal ions from separate solutions and mixtures of their components was studied using rice husk sorbents. It is shown that the absorption capacity of sorbents depends on their properties.

Conclusion. Absorption spectra of the sorbent based on urea, formalin and succinic acid (KFC) and its complexes with some 3d metals were studied by Raman spectroscopy (HORIBA Scientific). Raman spectroscopic analysis of metal complexes formed by Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions with KFC sorbent was performed. In this work, the adsorption of metal ions from aCueous solutions by wastes of the woodworking industry was studied under static conditions. The effect of particle size of aspen sawdust on the level of adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ ions was determined.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF DRYING AGENT COMPONENT ON CLEANING EFFICIENCY

2024-04-24T18:44:34+05:00

Abstract: It was determined that the change in the speed and temperature of the air supplied to drying significantly affects the change in the cleaning efficiency of the cotton cleaning equipment. Cotton with an initial moisture content of 9.5% and impurities of 5.4% at air temperatures of 120 and 140 °C, 2.5; 4.0; After drying at speeds of 5.5 and 7.0 m/sec, the cleaning efficiency of the equipment is 29.3; 32.5; 35.2; 40.1% and 32.1%; 34.6; 38.4; showed an increase to 41.5%. The cleaning efficiency of the equipment is 35.1 when the cotton is dried and cleaned after the temperature rises to 160 and 180 °C without changing the air speed; 37.6; 44.2; 46.8 and 38.2; 41.2; 46.4; It showed an increase to 52.5%. Cotton with an initial moisture content of 11.3% and impurities of 6.2% at air temperatures of 120 and 140 °C, 2.5; 4.0; After drying at the speed of 5.5 and 7.0 m/sec, the cleaning efficiency of the equipment is 27.4; 30.3; 33.1; 37.9 % and 34.8; 38.2; 41.5; showed an increase to 43.1%. The cleaning efficiency of the equipment is 36.6 when the cotton is dried and cleaned in the equipment when its temperature rises to 160 and 180 °C without changing the air speed; 39.6; 45.3; 51.4 % and 40.2; 42.8; It showed an increase to 53.6 and 61.7%.

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS TO THE QUALITY OF THE GINING PROCESS IN UZBEKISTAN

2024-04-29T13:47:31+05:00

Abstract: Saw gin's problems in separating fibers from seeds have been identified through extensive research and laboratory testing. First of all, the natural properties of six selected varieties of cotton fiber were determined and studied using modern complex laboratory equipment HVI-900 SA.

664.34.063.8 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF PLUM OIL OBTAINED BY THE PRESSING METHOD

2024-03-13T10:03:06+05:00

Ushbu tadqiqot ishining maqsadi respublikamizning tog‘li va tog‘li hududlarida yetishtiriladigan olxo‘ri, shaftoli va o‘rik mevalaridan olinadigan yog‘larning fizik-kimyoviy xossalarini o‘rganishdan iborat edi. Bu ishda mahalliy mevali daraxtlardan olxo‘ri, o‘rik va shaftolidan presslash natijasida olingan yog‘larning fizik-kimyoviy xossalari tahlil qilingan. O‘rik va shaftoli donasidan olingan yog‘larning fizik xossalari olxo‘ri donasidan olingan moylar bilan solishtirildi. Ushbu tahlil davomida o‘rik va shaftoli donasidan olinadigan yog‘larning fizik xossalari bir-biriga juda o‘xshashligi, olxo‘ri yadrosidan olinadigan yog‘ning ayrim ko‘rsatkichlari shaftoli va o‘rik moylaridan farq qilishi aniqlandi.

DESCRIPTION OF PROTEINS AND POISONS CONTAINED IN FLOUR PRODUCED FROM WHEAT GRAIN PRODUCED IN OUR REPUBLIC

2024-03-25T09:51:10+05:00

Abstract: This article describes the proteins and starches contained in flour produced from wheat grains grown in our republic. Nowadays, it is important to have information about the amount and structure of wheat flour proteins in the production and processing process. In our experiments, attention is focused on these factors, i.e. methods of determining proteins in flour and information about proteins in flour products available in our republic.

ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF GRATE BARS ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL GAP BETWEEN THEM IN FIBER SEPARATING MACHINES

2024-04-25T12:47:18+05:00

The article presents materials on a comparative analysis of the influence of the wear resistance of cast iron grates on the technological gap between them, taking into account preliminary dynamic treatment with microballs and without treatment. An equation for the development of wear on gin grates was obtained based on data from experimental studies of their wear under operating conditions.

METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW CARGO NETWORK

2024-04-30T10:01:31+05:00

Abstract: In the context of rapid globalization and the growth of world trade, the volume of cargo transportation is growing significantly, which increases the requirements for the efficiency and stability of transport systems. Also, the complexity and dynamics of modern traffic flows require the development of new planning and management approaches that ensure optimal use of existing transport resources and infrastructure. Research aimed at developing a methodology for the development of the transport network based on the optimal distribution of cargo flows will help to increase the efficiency of the transport system of the region, promote sustainable economic development and minimize the negative impact on the environment. In the article, the indicators of the transport complex of the region are statistically analyzed. Also, in this article, in order to obtain a plan for the step-by-step development of road sections with insufficient traffic speed, graph theory and cumulative methods of evaluating network efficiency are widely used.

661.635.68 Kimyo va kimyoviy texnologiyalar

2024-02-26T10:54:05+05:00

Abstract. In this article, study was conducted to determine the inhibition efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor synthesized on the basis of maleic anhydride, monoethanolamine, and phosphoric acid by electrochemical method. Studying the inhibition efficiency of this corrosion inhibitor was measured by the gravimetric method according to GOST 9.506-87 in 1M HCl + 200 mg/l NaCl and 0.5 HCl + 200 mg/l NaCl environments. The inhibition efficiency was 93.15% and 92.86%, respectively.

FOR SILK INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES: DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED MODEL OF PDCA CYCLE

2024-04-02T09:28:33+05:00

While modern techniques and technologies play an important role in the development of silk industry enterprises, the introduction of internationally recognized standards and management systems is an urgent issue. The PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle is a quality management system widely used in the industry as a continuous improvement tool, and the possibilities of introducing this improved model to silk enterprises are highlighted. Therefore, the process approach PDCA cycle, which is available in the quality management system that is internationally recognized and meets international requirements, is currently necessary in the silk industry enterprises. In this article, we recommend the development of a PDCA cycle based on the requirements of the quality management system for silk industry enterprises and the introduction of modern requirements for the quality system. As a first step, the scientific work carried out in the direction of the quality management system was reviewed, and the changes that occurred after the introduction of the PDCA cycle in silk enterprises were carefully analyzed. All documents of silk enterprises have been subjected to regulatory expertise and approved by the department's management. Conclusions, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were presented on the formation of healthy competition in the enterprises of the silk industry by improving the PDCA cycle of the quality management system.

RESEARCH PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF SULFUR CONCRETE

2024-04-25T15:57:49+05:00

Abstract: The article presents the physical and mechanical properties of sulfur concrete based on the modifier sulfur-PEM (maleic anhydride and polyhydric alcohol). The research resulted in the development of a new type of concrete. This innovative concrete was produced using sulfur-PEM modification and aggregate components. The resistance of concrete to freezing, durability, and elastic modulus of the studied sulfur-containing concrete were studied.

STUDY OF PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICS USED FOR MEN'S OUTER KNIT ASSORTMENT

2024-03-12T14:19:03+05:00

Objective. The purpose of this scientific research is to study the physical and mechanical properties of rubber textile fabrics produced in our Republic for the development of men's outerwear collections based on the combination of usable residual waste of leather fabrics.

Methods. In the "Textile Products Testing" laboratory of the "Knitting Technology" department of the Namangan Institute of Textile Industry, the technological parameters of the upper knitted fabrics made of various raw materials and their physical and mechanical properties were determined experimentally.

Results. Physico-mechanical properties of test samples were studied in the research laboratory of the institute on the basis of state standards. The results of the experiment were analyzed and textile fabrics for men's outerwear suitable for the modern fashion trend were selected.

Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the high quality indicators of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the upper knitted fabrics produced in the Namangan region, the conclusions of the scientific research on the recommendation for the men's assortment were given.

OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES FOR INFORMATION TRANSMISSION OVER SHORT DISTANCES

2024-04-25T12:31:13+05:00

The advantage of optical information transmission devices is shown, since optical radiation does not create interference and spreads in limited spaces, providing the necessary secrecy of information transmission.

The principles of the formation of optical radiation during the transmission of both analog and digital information are considered.

To study the distortion of the photoelectric signal shape, an experimental method was selected and an experimental setup was developed.

CAUSES OF FLOODS AND FLOODS AND THEIR RAILWAY AND ECONOMY INFLUENCE ON CONSTRUCTION

2024-04-29T14:32:34+05:00

Abstract: This article discusses the issue of methods of ensuring safety in emergency situations of a natural nature in railway transport, settlements and infrastructure of the mountainous regions of the Republic, about landslides occurring in the mountainous and mountainous regions of the Republic, leading to road destruction. Especially when transporting dangerous goods by different modes of transport. The article considers the issue of natural emergencies that occurs in the spring and autumn seasons, resulting in mudflows, landslides and landslides, where the railways pass, settlements and other infrastructures are located.

The STUDY OF CLOTHING REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

2024-02-23T18:40:20+05:00

The article highlights the results of research work in the field of designing clothes for disabled children with cerebral palsy. The requirements to clothing are developed, suitable types of clothing are determined, insufficient supply of adaptive products is revealed. On the basis of the obtained results of the work there is an opportunity to expand the assortment and design solutions of adaptive types of clothing with rehabilitation elements for this category of consumers.

655.344.022.72.001.53 Analysis of compotions of the fountain solition for offset printing

2024-03-31T10:36:34+05:00

Abstract.
Objective. The article analyzes the composition of the fountain solution, which is one of the significant components of the "ink – water" balance.
Methods. An Express method was used to determine the chemical composition of the concentrate of the necessary concentrate and adjust the percentage of isopropyl alcohol to ensure the balance of "ink – fountain solution" and getting stable quality print.
Results. The composition of the fountain solution received the results of the analysis on the gas chromatograph of the Agilent firm 8890 GC model. As a result, the gas chromatography method made it possible to quickly and accurately find out about the chemical composition of the fountain solution concentrate used in offset printing.
Conclusion. According to the parameters of the resulting gas chromatography, the percentage of isopropyl alcohol that provides a “moisturizing solution-dye” balance is adjusted, depending directly on the type of moisturizing solution, drinking water properties, paint and printing material, and bellows the amount of concentrate, which makes it possible to obtain copies of consistent quality.

DETERMINATION ZIRCONIUM WITH THE SOLUTION OF 1 - (2-HYDROXY-1-NAPHTHOYAZO)-2-NAPHTHOL-4-SULFATE

2024-04-25T15:38:21+05:00

Abstract: New methods for spectrophotometric determination of zirconium have been developed. The 1 - (2-hydroxy-1-naphthoyazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfate was selected as the analytical reagent. Influence of pH, time and amound of reagent in obtaining complex zirconium has been studied. The dependence of the analytical signal on the concentration of analytes is linear in the range from 2.0–100.0 μg.